Relationship between low-grade inflammation and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

Pietri, P; Vyssoulis, Gregory P.; Vlachopoulos, Charalambos; Zervoudaki, A.; Gialernios, Theodoros; Aznaouridis, Konstantinos; Stefanadis, Christodoulos

doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000249701.49854.21

Cited by 109 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Several cross-sectional clinical studies demonstrated significant associations of markers of systemic inflammation, such as CRP, with pulse wave velocity. 20,21 In a recent study, Zheng et al 22 evaluated data from a community-based, prospective, long-term follow-up observational study, the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study. Of 4025 patients followed up for an average of 27 months, 432 patients developed incident hypertension.…”

Section: Inflammation and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease

et al. 2016

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Section: Inflammation and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease

et al. 2016

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“…The ensuing arterial stiffness is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. 73 From this perspective, it can be deduced that hypertension is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. In the work of Modebe 74 in Nigeria, 8% of the untreated hypertension population had erectile dysfunction while this was 61% in the treated group.…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erectile Dysfunction Complicating Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease

Irekpita¹,

Kesieme²,

Salami³

2012

Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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“…4,7 Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle may be common or indeed more common in RA than in the population as a whole, but do not account for all of the increase in circulatory disease. There is now a large body of evidence 8 that the chronic inflammatory state can enhance the deleterious effects of some traditional risk factors, such as the association between systemic inflammation and arterial wall stiffness in hypertension, 9 or the proatherogenic lipid profile (high LDL and lipoprotein(a), low HDL) seen with increasing rheumatoid disease activity, 10 as well as introducing some new ones. The burden of addressing IHD in RA is therefore divided between rigorous control of traditional risk factors, and effective disease control through immunosuppression.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Disease In Rheumatoid Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease – the silent killer in rheumatoid arthritis

Kumar

Armstrong

2008

Clinical Medicine

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-Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been increasing focus on the growing rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA, over and above expected levels allowing for 'traditional' risk factors. In this paper the impact of CVD in RA, the relative contributions of traditional risk factors and novel risk factors (including homocysteine, oxidised lowdensity lipoprotein, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and leptin), and the need to address cardiovascular risk in the fight against premature death from coronary artery and stroke disease in RA are discussed.KEY WORDS: C-reactive protein, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, homocysteine, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder that affects at least 1% of women and 0.44% of men in the UK. 1 Severe RA carries a five-year survival rate similar to three vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) or stage four Hodgkin's disease. 2 Although the increased mortality has been linked with disease severity, disability and the presence of extra-articular disease, accelerated atherosclerosis leading to CAD remains the main reason for the increased death rate. 3 Traditional risk factors are heavily implicated, but there is also increasing awareness that the chronic inflammation and endothelial damage associated with rheumatoid disease itself has a role to play, and this may enhance the undesirable effects of traditional factors (Fig 1). 4 Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritisPatients who suffer from RA have a greater incidence of diastolic hypertension, angina and stroke, and have an increased risk of sub-clinical vascular disease as shown by a higher prevalence of carotid disease, peripheral arterial disease and electrographic abnormalities. 5,6 Deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur earlier than in the general population, and it has been suggested that the increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in RA precedes the onset of clinical rheumatoid disease. 4,7 Traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle may be common or indeed more common in RA than in the population as a whole, but do not account for all of the increase in circulatory disease. There is now a large body of evidence 8 that the chronic inflammatory state can enhance the deleterious effects of some traditional risk factors, such as the association between systemic inflammation and arterial wall stiffness in hypertension, 9 or the proatherogenic lipid profile (high LDL and lipoprotein(a), low HDL) seen with increasing rheumatoid disease activity, 10 as well as introducing some new ones. The burden of addressing IHD in RA is therefore divided between rigorous control of traditional risk factors, and effective disease control through immunosuppression. How does systemic rheumatoid disease accelerate cardiovascular damage...

show abstract

Relationship between low-grade inflammation and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension

Abstract: In hypertensive individuals, hsCRP is related to PWV, a direct marker of arterial stiffness, but not to AIx, a measure of wave reflections. Whether inflammation might act as a pathogenetic or modulating factor in arterial stiffening in chronic hypertension has to be confirmed.

Cited by 109 publications

References 50 publications

Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease

Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease

Erectile Dysfunction Complicating Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease

Cardiovascular disease – the silent killer in rheumatoid arthritis

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