Relationship between Lower Tendency to Deceive in Aging and Inhibitory Compromise

Haj, Mohamad El; Antoine, Pascal

doi:10.1159/000477806

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The observed difficulties recognizing literal and nonliteral statements in older adults may also be explained by the "frontal aging hypothesis" (Uekermann et al, 2006;West & Covell, 2001). It links deficits in working memory, inhibition, and abstract thinking to age-related plasticity changes in the prefrontal cortex, which are assumed to impact the ability to interpret facial expressions and other social cues (e.g., Shammi, & Stuss, 2003;Sullivan & Ruffman, 2004;Halberstadt et al, 2011;El Haj & Antoine, 2018;Uekermann, Thoma, & Daum, 2008). In the current study, we focused on differences related to personality traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Communication Across the Lifespan: The Influence of Empathy

Rothermich¹

2020

Preprint

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Studies testing the effects of aging on social communication have mainly focused on one sensory modality, for example using written vignettes. In the current study, we examine the effect of healthy aging, empathy, and anxiety traits on a social communication task using video stimuli that reflect real-world interactions. By means of an online recruitment platform, we asked young, middle-aged, and older adults between the ages 18 and 76 (N=100) to evaluate videos of actors using different forms of literal and nonliteral language, such as sarcasm or teasing. The participants’ task was to infer the speakers’ belief and the speaker’s intention, and we also collected data on self-reported social anxiety levels and empathy. Older participants demonstrated lower accuracy in discriminating nonliteral from literal interactions compared to younger and middle-aged groups, while older adults with higher perspective-taking scores were more accurate at identifying teasing as nonliteral. This effect was partially mediated by empathy. When evaluating speaker intentions, older adults judged sarcasm as friendlier compared to literal negative utterances. Our results expand on age-related similarities and differences in evaluating speaker intentions and we discuss our results in the context of the Tinge Hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Communication Across the Lifespan: The Influence of Empathy

Rothermich¹

2020

Preprint

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“…According to the inhibition hypothesis, aging triggers difficulties in suppressing or ignoring irrelevant information [1,2]. Research has demonstrated difficulties in inhibiting irrelevant information in older adults [3,4]. At a neurological level, age-related inhibitory decline has been associated with changes in the frontal lobes in structures supporting attentional control, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pupil Knows: Pupil Dilation Indexes and Their Inhibitory Ability in Normal Aging

Haj

Boutoleau‐Bretonnière

Chapelet

2023

JCM

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Pupil dilation is considered an index of cognitive effort, as the pupil typically dilates as the cognitive load increases. In this paper, we evaluated whether older adults demonstrate increased pupil size when performing tasks requiring cognitive inhibition. We invited 44 older and 44 younger adults to perform the Stroop task while their pupil dilation was recorded with eye-tracking glasses. The dependent variables were the number of accurate responses on the Stroop task as well as pupil size in the three conditions of the task (i.e., color naming, word reading, and the interference condition). The results demonstrated less accurate responses in the interference condition than in the color-naming or word-reading conditions, in both older and younger adults. Critically, larger pupil dilation was observed in the interference condition than in the color-naming and word-reading conditions, in both older and younger adults. This study demonstrates that pupil dilation responds to cognitive effort in normal aging, at least in the interference condition of the Stroop task.

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