Relationship Between Mastalgia And Anxiety-Depression: An Observational Study

Katar, Mehmet Kağan; Başer, Murat

doi:10.7759/cureus.12734

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, moderate-to-severe cyclic mastalgia adversely affects women's daily activities, reduces their quality of life, and brings an additional psychological burden. 23,33 Consequently, this study is targeted at patients with cyclic mastalgia lasting for 5 days or more and scoring 5 points or higher of worst pain based on NRS. The diagnosis and inclusion criteria reflect the severity of pain in a comprehensive and integrity way, considering both duration of days and the degree of pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Cyclic Mastalgia: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial

Gao¹,

Sun²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

IJWH

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Cyclic mastalgia is prevalent among women and negatively impairs their daily life and work. There is still a lack of effective therapies for mastalgia, and acupuncture may be a promising method. We design this multicenter randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on cyclic mastalgia. Study Design and methods: Sixty participants with moderate-to-severe cyclic breast pain (with a duration of 5-21 days and the worst pain scoring 5 points or more on Numerical Rating Scale [NRS]) will be recruited at three hospitals in China. They will be randomly assigned to acupuncture group or sham-acupuncture group at 1:1 ratio to receive 16-session treatment during 3 consecutive menstrual cycles, and follow-up for 6 menstrual cycles after treatment. The primary outcome is the change from baseline in the NRS score on the worst breast pain during the third cycle of treatment period. All statistical tests will be two-sided and P value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Cyclic Mastalgia: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial

Gao¹,

Sun²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

IJWH

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“…The etiology of mastalgia is not fully understood; however, some reports have demonstrated its association with anxiety, depression, psychosomatic disorders, and highstress levels (24)(25)(26). Moreover, high levels of prolactin and high plasma fatty acids have been introduced as the possible causes of mastalgia, especially in the absence of clinical or radiological findings (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concerns About Breast Pain: How Useful Is Imaging?

2022

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Background: Breast pain is one of the most common reasons for referral to breast imaging. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of mammography and sonomammography in women complaining of breast pain in a teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed the mammographic/sonomammographic images and records of 241 consecutive adult women aged 18 - 81 years with breast pain who presented to the radiology department over three years. A non-random sampling method was employed to select the participants. The extracted variables were patient’s age, positive clinical history of breast pain, laterality of breast pain, type of imaging, presence or absence of lesion, type, and laterality of lesions if present, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assignment of imaging findings on mammography and sonomammography. The descriptive analysis of continuous variables and inferential statistics of ordinal data were performed with Microsoft Excel and chi-squared test, respectively. In this study, P < 0.05 was set as the significance level. Results: Most women (20%) with a complaint of breast pain were in the 40 - 44-year age group. Moreover, 32.3%, 33.2%, and 34.4% of the participants had left-sided, right-sided, and bilateral breast pain, respectively. Among the participants, 118 and 123 women had mammography and sonomammography, respectively. Furthermore, 76.3% had normal findings on mammography or sonomammography, and only 23.7% had positive imaging findings on breast imaging. These lesions were mostly observed among the women in the age group of 45 - 49 years. Of those with lesions detected on imaging, 79.2% and 20.8% demonstrated benign and malignant attributes, respectively. Masses with definite benign attributes assigned BI-RADS II were mostly fibroadenomata and cysts. Inferential statistics indicated that unilateral mastalgia was more likely to be associated with a breast lesion, while bilateral mastalgia usually resulted in normal breast imaging findings. Conclusions: Women referring to the Radiology Department with a complaint of breast pain alone are unlikely to have any significant breast imaging finding; hence, imaging serves as a tool for assuaging the anxiety of these patients and reassuring the referring physician. Unilateral but not bilateral mastalgia is likely to yield positive imaging findings, which are largely benign.

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“…Verbal guidance as a form of treatment for cyclic breast pain should always be the first recommended option, considering the vast array of possible therapies for these cases, including the prescription of several drugs that are often expensive, some of which have not always been proven to be effective and others with significant side effects 7,14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its correlation with psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression, should also be taken into account in terms of quality of life. Thus, its early identification and treatment deserve special attention 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mastalgia in medical students: a prospective and multicentric study

Lombardi

Silva

et al. 2022

Mastology

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Introduction: Mastalgia or breast pain affects most women, especially those of reproductive age. Of organic or nonorganic cause and variable intensity, it is related to factors such as hormonal, dietary, metabolic, and emotional changes, making it difficult to understand its pathophysiology and the definition of care conduct. It can influence the quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify, classify, and know the treatments and their effectiveness for breast pain in university students, relating their interference in the quality of life. Methods: A total of 1,064 students from two medical schools in the interior of São Paulo were interviewed and evaluated using a standardized and specific questionnaire with the aim of characterizing breast pain. Results: Mastalgia was reported in 1,034 students (p=0.0003), body mass index >25 increased breast tenderness by 4.3 times (RR=4.3; p=0.001; 95%CI 2.5–6.73), and sedentary lifestyle increased by 10.82 times (p=0.02). It was more common in the premenstrual cycle (p=0.002), and the greater the intensity, the smaller the number of students who performed the self-examination (p=0.02). The greater the pain, the greater the chance of being absent from classes (RR=15.82; p=0.0003; 95%CI 13.23–17.3). Drug treatment was applied in 15.54% of the cases, with satisfactory results in 92.16% of them (p=0.000004). Conclusions: The study showed a high incidence of breast pain in medical students, impairing their academic activities, making it clear the importance of investigating any symptom related to the hormonal axis and showing significant efficiency of the pharmacological treatment.

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Relationship Between Mastalgia And Anxiety-Depression: An Observational Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Cyclic Mastalgia: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial

Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for Cyclic Mastalgia: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial

Concerns About Breast Pain: How Useful Is Imaging?

Mastalgia in medical students: a prospective and multicentric study

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