Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Abilities in U.S. Adolescents

Rubens, Muni; Ramamoorthy, Venkataraghavan; George, Florence; Shehadeh, Nancy; Attonito, Jennifer; McCoy, H. Virginia; Beck-Sagué, Consuelo M.

doi:10.1089/met.2016.0015

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“… Bae and colleagues (2017 ) found gender differences in individual MetS components, which were differentially associated with risk of nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment. MetS has been associated with impaired reading, working memory, and attention among adolescents ( Rubens et al., 2016 ). Adverse relationship between Digit symbol test scores and increasing numbers of MetS constituents has also been reported ( Tsai et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Components of Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults

Bahchevanov

Dzhambov

Chompalov

et al. 2020

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with impaired cognition in different cognitive domains. This study investigated the association between MetS and cognitive functioning in middle-aged Bulgarians across different definitions of MetS severity. Material and Methods Our cross-sectional sample included 112 participants (67 free of MetS and 45 with MetS) with a mean age of 50.04 ± 3.31 years. The following MetS variables were considered—presence of MetS, continuously measured MetS components, dichotomized MetS components, number of MetS components present, and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS). Participants’ cognitive performance was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB). We employed multivariate regression models to investigate the associations between different measures of MetS severity and CERAD-NB total and subtest scores. Results Bivariate analyses showed that the CERAD-NB total score was significantly higher in women, participants with a university degree, those with normal blood pressure, normal waist circumference, and low triglyceride levels, compared with their counterparts. MetS participants had lower CERAD-NB total score (78.87 ± 6.89 vs. 84.97 ± 7.84) and specifically performed poorer on the subtest Word List Recall (7.16 ± 1.52 vs. 7.99 ± 1.52). These findings persisted after controlling for age, gender, and education. Next, generalized linear regression indicated that the CERAD-NB total score was lower in participants with MetS (β = −4.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.60, −2.11), those with more MetS components (β = −8.31; 95% CI: −14.13, −2.50 for fours vs. 0 components) and with an increase in MSSS (β = −3.19; 95% CI: −4.67, −1.71). Hypertension independently contributed to lower CERAD-NB total score (β = −4.00; 95% CI: −6.81, −1.19). Conclusions Across several definitions, MetS was associated with lower cognitive functioning, and MetS severity appeared to be a better predictor than most MetS components. Recognizing and reducing severity of MetS components might be helpful in supporting cognitive functioning. Further longitudinal research is needed to shed more light on the relationship between MetS and cognitive functioning across the life span.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Components of Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults

Bahchevanov

Dzhambov

Chompalov

et al. 2020

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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“…However, after adjusting for putative confounders, the association with TG did not remain significant [ 20 ]. On the contrary, data from the NHANES study showed no association between cognitive performance measured with the digit span task (a measure of working memory) and exceeding the MetS cut point or being in the highest or lowest quartiles for HDLc or TG, respectively [ 22 , 24 ]. Likewise, studies in adults are also conflicting (for review see e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, no association between the flanker task variables and insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR was found. Previous studies in youth have used fasting glucose as a measure of glucose metabolism, and have likewise not observed any associations with executive functions [ 20 , 22 , 24 ]. In adults, an association between diabetes and cognitive impairment (including dementia) has been well established (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study does not find any associations between sysBP and executive functions, which corroborates several studies in youth [ 20 , 23 ]. However, others found that children and adolescents with sysBP ≥ 90th percentile performed poorer on a working memory task compared to their normotensive peers [ 22 , 42 ]. As such, it has been suggested that hypertension may cause impaired cognitive function via impairment of vascular reserve and microvascular disease [ 43 ], which are consequences of severe and prolonged hypertension and therefore, to our knowledge, not found in healthy youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between waist circumference, metabolic risk and executive function in adolescents: A cross-sectional mediation analysis

et al. 2018

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the associations between waist circumference, metabolic risk factors, and executive function in adolescents. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and included 558 adolescents (mean age 14.2 years). Anthropometrics and systolic blood pressure (sysBP) were measured and fasting blood samples were analyzed for metabolic risk factors. A metabolic risk factor cluster score (MetS-cluster score) was computed from the sum of standardized sysBP, triglycerides (TG), inverse high-density lipid cholesterol (HDLc) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment). Cognitive control was measured with a modified flanker task. Results: Regression analyses indicated that after controlling for demographic variables, HDLc exhibited a negative and TG a positive association with flanker reaction time (RT). Waist circumference did not demonstrate a statistically significant total association with the cognitive outcomes. In structural equation modeling, waist circumference displayed an indirect positive association with incongruent RT through a higher MetS-cluster score and through lower HDLc. The only statistically significant direct association between waist circumference and the cognitive outcomes was for incongruent RT in the model including HDLc as mediator. Conclusions: These findings are consonant with the previous literature reporting an adverse association between certain metabolic risk factors and cognitive control. Accordingly, these results suggest specificity between metabolic risk factors and cognitive control outcomes. Further, results of the present study, although cross-sectional, provide new evidence that specific metabolic risk factors may mediate an indirect association between adiposity and cognitive control in adolescents, even though a direct association between these variables was not observed. However, taking the cross-sectional study design into consideration, these results should be interpreted with caution and future longitudinal or experimental studies should verify the findings of this study.

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“…MS prevalence in developing countries ranges from 20% to 50% in obese Mexican adults 8 , children, and adolescents with a 62% MS prevalence rate 9 . In addition, studies with US adolescents have shown that the presence of MS generates a decrease in cognitive abilities and skills 10 that leads to the urgent need to seek predictors and risk factors that are associated with metabolic alterations 11 and to a more practical detection of MS 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults by means of the waist-height

Kammar-García

Hernández-Hernández

López-Moreno

et al. 2019

HGMX

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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with overweightness and/or obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, and insulin resistance; timely detection can help to avoid or reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes mellitus, which the main causes of death from noncommunicable diseases in Mexico. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as a parameter for risk assessment and diagnosis of MS in a population of apparently healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Sample of 337 subjects was recruited. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined for the presence of MS, obtaining WHtR and quartiles were generated to propose a cutoff point with which the risk and diagnostic utility of this ratio were assessed by means of quantitative comparisons, risk analysis, and likelihood analysis. Results: The WHtR is a very sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of MS. The areas under the curve were 98% and 83%, respectively, for men and women, for the diagnosis of MS (p < 0.0001). It was found that a WHtR higher than 0.53 increases the risk of MS (odds ratio = 18.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.7-208, p = 0.02). Potential impact measures suggest by controlling the WHtR, 94% of MS cases could be prevented. Conclusions: The WHtR is useful and accurate for the diagnosis of the MS in apparently healthy young adults.

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Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Abilities in U.S. Adolescents

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome was associated with impaired reading, working memory, and attention among adolescents.

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Contribution of Components of Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults

Contribution of Components of Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults

Associations between waist circumference, metabolic risk and executive function in adolescents: A cross-sectional mediation analysis

Risk and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy young adults by means of the waist-height

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