Relationship between metabolic syndrome and its components and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: a national cross-sectional survey

Abstract

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to different criteria of MetS, as well as whether the estimated association between MetS and CVD was affected by different definitions of MetS among the Chinese population.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.SettingData were from a large-scale national stroke screening survey, China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of 109 551 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years in 2014–2015 were included.Primary outcome measuresCVD conditions (stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF)) diagnosed by clinicians were self-reported.ResultsORs after adjusting for CHD, stroke, AF and CVD in those with MetS using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criterion were 1.56 (95% CI 1.48 to 1.63), 1.23 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.30), 1.14 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.21) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.45); 1.51 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.58), 1.20 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.26), 1.09 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.15) and 1.34 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.38) with the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criterion; and 1.41 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.48), 1.24 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.30), 1.12 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.18) and 1.31 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.35) with the International Diabetes Federation criterion, respectively. Elevated blood pressures were all highly related to the prevalence of stroke and AF, and reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was associated with a higher OR for CHD than other individual components of MetS.ConclusionsMetS is significantly associated with CVD, and the prevalence of CVD was more evident when MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP III criterion. Developing effective public health strategies for the prevention, detection and treatment of MetS should be an urgent priority to reduce the burden of CVD in China.

<p>Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Components in High-Risk Cardiovascular Disease Development in Older Adults</p>

“…24 Lack of glycemic control activates hepatic mechanisms that rise lipoprotein synthesis, increasing LDL levels, and reducing HDL levels. These factors are strongly associated with cardiovascular risk, 23,25 which supports the metabolic results of this study. Results similar to these were found in our previous study, revealing that a more meticulous analysis of biochemical components allows a better comprehension of the MS progression status in the elderly population.…”

“…The LDL role associated with cardiovascular impairment may trigger CVD development, and this association may be enhanced by factors such as a smoking habit, DM, and hypertension. 23,25,31 DM was identified in this study as predictive of high cardiovascular risk and is one of the factors involved in the MS process. Some studies cite MS as a predictor for the DM diagnosis.…”

“…A study found that MS individuals had an increased prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke, illustrating the link between health conditions. 23 The biochemical profile showed significant metabolic alterations in old adults who met the high cardiovascular risk criteria. The prevalence of changes in lipid, glycemic, and BMI profiles causes several associated systemic diseases.…”

Cumulative Burden of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Population-based Study

“…Regarding the relationship between elevated TG and the risk of AF, there were controversial reports [11,19,21,23,24]. The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study and post-hoc analysis from the ARIC study reported that hypertriglyceridemia was not related to incident AF [11,19].…”

“…The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study and post-hoc analysis from the ARIC study reported that hypertriglyceridemia was not related to incident AF [11,19]. In addition, a recent study reported no association between elevated TG levels and the risk of AF [24]. However, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) reported that hypertriglyceridemia was associated with a higher risk of AF [23].…”