Relationship between muscle swelling and stiffness after eccentric exercise

Chleboun, Gary S.; Howell, John N.; Conatser, Robert R.; Giesey, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1097/00005768-199804000-00010

Cited by 98 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that one bout of eccentric exercise for untrained human muscle caused an increase in joint stiffness [5][6][7][8][9]. For instance, the range of motion (ROM) of elbow joint decreases immediately after repeated eccentric contractions of elbow flexor muscles, and the decrease persists for 2-3 days [5,6].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Joint stiffness evaluated as passive resistive torque (PRT) or passive elastic stiffness [7][8][9] has also been shown to increase after a bout of strenuous eccentric exercise. The post-exercise increase in joint stiffness may be caused by oedema [6,8], a remodeling of connective tissues [10], or an imbalance of calcium homeostasis in the damaged fibers [5], but not by persistent neuromuscular activity [11].…”

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Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Joint Stiffness and Muscle Connectin (Titin) Isoform in the Rat Hindlimb

2007

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Abstract:We investigated the effects of repeated eccentric exercise for rat medial gastrocnemius muscle on ankle joint stiffness and muscle connectin (titin) isoform composition (longer form, α-connectin; shorter form, β-connectin). Male Wistar rats were trained on a custom-made, isokinetic dynamometer (eccentric-exercise group, n = 6; sham-operated group, n = 6). The exercise session consisted of 20 eccentric contractions elicited by submaximal electric stimulations under anesthesia. The contracting muscle was forcibly lengthened by an isokinetic dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (velocity, 30°/s; range of motion, 45°). Rats in the eccentric-exercise group were trained every two days for 20 days (10 sessions in total). The static passive resistive torque (PRT) of 45° at the ankle joint was used as a measure of the joint stiffness, and was determined before and after the experimental period. After 10 sessions of eccentric exercise, the wet weight of medial gastrocnemius muscle significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the static PRT significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the eccentric-exercise group, when compared to the sham-operated group. Myosin-ATPase staining showed a decrease in the number of type IIb/IId fibers (P < 0.001) and an increase in the number of type IIa fibers (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was seen in the connectin (titin) isoform composition between the eccentric-exercise group and the sham-operated group, suggesting that the reduction in PRT was not due to change in resting mechanical properties of muscle fibers.

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Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Joint Stiffness and Muscle Connectin (Titin) Isoform in the Rat Hindlimb

2007

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“…Swelling has also been cited as a potential reason for the increased passive stiffness 36, 37, 38. However, Chleboun et al39 have shown that, whereas stiffness may increase immediately following damage, swelling does not become significant until after 24 hours. In the present study participants in whom hyperintensity was observed on T 2 ‐weighted images were found to show greater increase in muscle stiffness than participants who exhibited no increased T 2 signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR elastography measurement of the effect of passive warmup prior to eccentric exercise on thigh muscle mechanical properties

Kennedy

Macgregor

Barnhill

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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PurposeTo investigate the effect of warmup by application of the thermal agent Deep Heat (DH) on muscle mechanical properties using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) at 3T before and after exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD).Materials and MethodsTwenty male participants performed an individualized protocol designed to induce EIMD in the quadriceps. DH was applied to the thigh in 50% of the participants before exercise. MRE, T 2‐weighted MRI, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), creatine kinase (CK) concentration, and muscle soreness were measured before and after the protocol to assess EIMD effects. Five participants were excluded: four having not experienced EIMD and one due to incidental findings.ResultsTotal workload performed during the EIMD protocol was greater in the DH group than the control group (P < 0.03), despite no significant differences in baseline MVC (P = 0.23). Shear stiffness |G*| increased in the rectus femoris (RF) muscle in both groups (P < 0.03); however, DH was not a significant between‐group factor (P = 0.15). MVC values returned to baseline faster in the DH group (5 days) than the control group (7 days). Participants who displayed hyperintensity on T 2‐weighted images had a greater stiffness increase following damage than those without: RF; 0.61 kPa vs. 0.15 kPa, P < 0.006, vastus intermedius; 0.34 kPa vs. 0.03 kPa, P = 0.06.ConclusionEIMD produces increased muscle stiffness as measured by MRE, with the change in |G*| significantly increased when T 2 hyperintensity was present. DH did not affect CK concentration or soreness; however, DH participants produced greater workload during the EIMD protocol and exhibited accelerated MVC recovery. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1115–1127.

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“…This remarkable capacity of skeletal muscle is usually associated with significant changes in muscle mass. Skeletal muscle shows its phenotypic adaptation as atrophy or hypertrophy (8). Low-frequency stimulated muscles increase the combination of slower myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccentric contraction induces stretching or a continuously stretched state in muscles. Eccentric contraction can also have negative or positive effects on skeletal muscles (8,12,36). It is well known that stretching can not only cause muscle damage but also prevent muscle atrophy depending on the extent of intensity (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle plasticity related to changes in tubulin and αB-crystallin levels induced by eccentric contraction in rat skeletal muscles

Eisuke

Sakurai

et al. 2016

Physiology International

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We used the model of eccentric contraction of the hindlimb muscle by Ochi et al. to examine the role of eccentric contraction in muscle plasticity. This model aims to focus on stimulated skeletal muscle responses by measuring tissue weights and tracing the quantities of αB-crystallin and tubulin. The medial gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) responded to electrically induced eccentric contraction (EIEC) with significant increases in tissue weight (p < 0.01) and the ratio of tissue weight to body weight (p < 0.05); however, there was a decrease in soleus muscle weight after EIEC. EIEC in the GCM caused contractile-induced sustenance of the traced proteins, but the soleus muscle exhibited a remarkable decrease in α-tubulin and a 19% decrease in αB-crystallin. EIEC caused fast-to-slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform type-oriented shift within both the GCM and soleus muscle. These results have shown that different MHC isoform type-expressing slow and fast muscles commonly undergo fast-to-slow type MHC isoform transformation. This suggests that different levels of EIEC affected each of the slow and fast muscles to induce different quantitative changes in the expression of αB-crystallin and α-tubulin.

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Relationship between muscle swelling and stiffness after eccentric exercise

Abstract: This suggests that muscle swelling does not account for the sudden increase in stiffness of the elbow flexor muscles within the first 48 h after exercise but may play a role in the subsequent time course of stiffness.

Cited by 98 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Joint Stiffness and Muscle Connectin (Titin) Isoform in the Rat Hindlimb

Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Joint Stiffness and Muscle Connectin (Titin) Isoform in the Rat Hindlimb

MR elastography measurement of the effect of passive warmup prior to eccentric exercise on thigh muscle mechanical properties

Muscle plasticity related to changes in tubulin and αB-crystallin levels induced by eccentric contraction in rat skeletal muscles

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