Relationship between Nutrition, Plant Diseases and Pests

Huber, D. M.; Römheld, Volker; Weinmann, Markus

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384905-2.00010-8

Cited by 126 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…Lamas, suelos arcillosos (arcilla>60%) y calcáreos (CaCO 3 >5%) con pH alcalino con bajo contenido de fosforo y altos niveles de calcio y materia orgánica en el suelo. Estas diferencias podrían afectar significativamente la nutrición del cacao, lo que podría repercutir en la productividad y tolerancia a enfermedades de la planta [9]. El cacao, de forma general, prefiere suelos ácidos (5.5 -6.5), suelos francos y con altos niveles de potasio [10].…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

“…En el cuadro 1, se observa que la zona de Juanjui presenta bajos niveles de Ca (< 3 cmolc kg -1 ), indicando que las plantas en esos suelos presentan una deficiencia de Ca en sus tejidos. El Ca está relacionado con el reconocimiento de patógenos en la membrana plasmática e inhibe enzimas utilizadas por los patógenos como las poligalacturonasas [14] [9]. La disminución de la incidencia de enfermedades debido a adecuados niveles de Ca o aplicación de Ca, son reportados en plantas afectadas por Fusarium sp.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

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Optimización de la fertilización orgánica e inorgánica del cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) con la inclusión de Trichoderma endófito y Micorrizas arbusculares

Tuesta-Pinedo¹,

Trigozo-Bartra²,

Cayotopa-Torres³

et al. 2017

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El cacao es una planta nativa de américa tropical y el Perú ha expandido su área sembrada consideradamente, por lo que es necesario un manejo adecuado del cultivo para obtener rendimientos rentables. Así, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo validar la inclusión de Trichoderma endófito y micorrizas en la fertilización orgánica e inorgánica para mejorar el rendimiento y la tolerancia a enfermedades del cacao. El experimento fue localizado en dos zonas productivas del Departamento de San Martín (Juanjui y Lamas), cepas de Trichoderma (T) y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) se inocularon en plantas de cacao de 6 a 12 años en conjunto con aplicación de fertilizantes (F) y Guano de isla (G), dispuestos en DBCA con 10 tratamientos (Aplicación de T; HMA; T+HMA; T+F; T+G; HMA+F; HMA+G; T; G). Se evaluó la dinámica de las principales enfermedades en cacao (Escoba de bruja, Moniliasis y Pudrición parda), número de frutos cherelles, número de mazorcas y peso de grano seco. A partir de los resultados, se puede concluir que las zonas de Juanjui y Lamas, presentaron mayor incidencia de Moniliasis y Pudrición parda, respectivamente; explicado por el posible desbalance nutricional en las plantas producido por el exceso y falta de calcio, respectivamente. De forma general, la localidad de Juanjui tuvo mayor rendimiento de granos de cacao en comparación a Lamas. Los tratamientos con mayores rendimientos fueron los que incluyeron la aplicación de HMA y fertilizante inorgánico indicando la sinergia entre factores.

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Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Optimización de la fertilización orgánica e inorgánica del cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) con la inclusión de Trichoderma endófito y Micorrizas arbusculares

Tuesta-Pinedo¹,

Trigozo-Bartra²,

Cayotopa-Torres³

et al. 2017

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“…The effect of nutrients on disease severity is often observed incidentally after a fertiliser program has been implemented (Huber 1989;Huber & Graham 1999;Huber et al 2012). Fertiliser application is required in agricultural production, particularly to increase productivity if the plants have a nutrient deficiency, and the fertiliser applied often shows a secondary effects on the incidence plant disease.…”

Section: Identification Of Nutrient and Disease Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potassium deficient plants are more prone to pathogen infection than potassium sufficient plants, and diseases can be effectively controlled by K fertiliser application (Marschner 1995;Huber et al 2012). Brennan and Jayasena (2007) observed that in soils deficient in K, barley plants were predisposed to powdery mildew and spot type-net blotch disease, and the application of K fertiliser increased the grain yield and decreased disease severity.…”

Section: K and Disease Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of nutrients may be less significant in highly resistant plants than in tolerant or moderately resistant plants, while the most susceptible plants may show high levels of disease severity in nutrient conditions that greatly affect the resistance levels of tolerant plants (Huber & Arny 1985;Huber & Graham 1999;Huber & Haneklaus 2007;Huber et al 2012). For example, silicon fertilization has been found to decrease the progress of leaf blight disease in partially resistant and susceptible cultivars of rice (Seebold et al 2001).…”

Section: Level Of Plant Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of vascular streak dieback disease of cocoa with soil nutrient status in Indonesia

Ruseani¹

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Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) is a disease of cocoa trees, caused by Oncobasidium theobromae. The disease has become one of the major causes of economic losses to cocoa productivity in commercial plantations in Indonesia. A severe infection causes the death of young seedlings and canopy loss in older trees. The maintenance of soil fertility by fertiliser management is one of the recommendations for integrated VSD disease management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of fertiliser application in the plantation environment, and to observe if nutrient management can potentially control VSD disease.Historical environment data showed that the cocoa plantation of Treblasala Estate, London Sumatra Indonesia experienced a soil pH decline associated with the annual urea application as a source of nitrogen. Soil P status is also relatively high when compared with the suggested critical level for growing cocoa. However, triple superphosphate fertiliser as source of P is applied annually and has resulted in high residual P levels.Soil and leaf nutrient sampling from selected plantings and genotypes has revealed higher soil pH and soil nutrient levels when compared with historical soil data. Soil phosphorus levels are very high and this might have reduced the uptake of some nutrients, since the levels of these nutrients in cocoa leaves were found to be lower than the critical levels.Magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and manganese were the nutrients whose levels were found to be below the suggested optimum ranges. These nutrients were also low in the genotype that is susceptible to VSD disease. Calcium and manganese levels of diseased leaves were also lower than healthy leaves, indicating a probable relationship with VSD disease.To investigate whether high phosphorus supply reduces the micronutrient status, nutrient studies were carried out using young cocoa seedlings in Gatton, Australia under glasshouse conditions, and under the natural environment in Indonesia. The studies revealed that nutrient imbalances may occur in response to high P fertiliser application, although a reduction in leaf micronutrient status was not observed. The results suggest that P application is not beneficial to the soils on the Treblasala Estate.

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