Relationship between Oil–Water Interfacial Tension and Oily Soil Removal in Mixed Surfactant Systems

Microemulsion Formation and Detergency with Oily Soil: IV. Effect of Rinse Cycle Design

“…The roll-up mechanism is facilitated by an increase in contact angle exhibited between the oil droplet and the substrate as a result of the washing solution [2]. Other mechanisms such as solubilization-emulsification are believed to play an important role in the detergency process as well [5,6].…”

“…Detergency of oily soil, is a complex dynamic process that is affected by several factors such as the interfacial tension (IFT) of the system, time, washing temperature, hydrodynamic force exerted during the wash process, the surface characteristics of substrates, additives (e.g., builders, enzymes, antideposition agents), water hardness, etc [1][2][3]. In detergency, the term ''soil'' can be classified into three categories: particulates (solid, usually inorganic), oils (liquid, usually organic), and stains (unwanted dyestuffs) [4].…”

Effect of cationic surfactant on the adsorption characteristics of anionic surfactant on cellulose surface

“…One of the methods of achieving this is by incorporating other surfactants in to the formulation [2]. Designing mixed surfactant systems for applications has been mostly by trial and error [3] and in the literature mostly anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures have been investigated [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Acidic surfactant solutions for tributylphosphate removal in nuclear fuel reprocessing plants: A formulation study

“…Conversely, oil removal by emulsification requires a surfactant with high-emulsifying power that preferentially adsorbs on the oil/water interface [3]. The combined effect of this adsorption and oil buoyancy provokes a cohesive break into the drop, removing part of the drop from the surface.…”