Relationship between olefins and coking propensity of heavy residual oil derived from vacuum residue thermal cracking products

Ultrasound Irradiation for Upgrading Vacuum Residue: A Comprehensive Study on Its Effects on Rheological, Structural, Thermal Behavior, and Catalytic Hydrocracking Performance

“…Furthermore, the ratio of methylene (CH 2 ) to methyl (CH 3 ) represents the average length of aliphatic chains and is calculated by eq . According to Wang et al., the olefinic index demonstrates the olefinic nature of VR, but there are no significant peaks at 1657 cm –1 in the original VR and ultrasonicated samples in this research. In Figure , it can be observed that the value of f a increased with the extension of ultrasound irradiation duration, suggesting that the aromaticity of VR was marginally enhanced compared to that of the original VR.…”

“…The development of the world economy, industry, population growth, and increasing fuel consumption has led to an energy supplement shortage crisis. Therefore, the efficient utilization of heavy oil and refining intermediate products has drawn international attention. , Atmospheric and vacuum residues are two major products of the refinery during distillation. In the early days, they were mostly used as fuel oil or as bitumen for road construction because the residue molecules consist of various highly polar constituents and possess a high carbon (H/C) molar ratio, which makes direct application and upgrading processing difficult.…”

“…The formation of emulsification is theoretically a state of fine droplets dispersed in another continuous liquid. According to research studies, , VR is also considered to be a complex colloidal system, where heavy resin and asphaltene aromatic cores are dispersed in the saturated and aromatic continuous phase, forming an emulsified system. Hence, ultrasound irradiation can probably disaggregate VR heavy clusters and improve the homogeneity and stability of the VR colloidal system.…”