Relationship between Phenotype Models Based on Waist Circumference and Triglyceride Levels and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and has a high cost of treatment. Studies have indicated that a combination of waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) levels can be used to determine the risk of CKD. This study analyzes the risk of CKD using four phenotype models based on WC and TG. Methods This meta-analysis analyzes 113,019 participants from 13 studies. We conducted relevant literature searches in the Europe PMC, Medline, and Scopus databases using specific keywords. The results obtained were pooled into odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. Results Our pooled analysis revealed that the highest significant independent association was between CKD and the high WC-high TG phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.88; P <0.00001; I 2 =59%), followed by the high WC-normal TG phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.57; P =0.001; I 2 =67%), and the normal WC-high TG phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.37; P =0.005; I 2 =29%) when the normal WC-normal TG phenotype was taken as the reference. Conclusion Our study suggests that phenotype models based on WC and TG can be used as screening tools to predict the risk of CKD. Our results also indicate that WC plays a larger role than TG in the CKD risk. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.

A mendelian randomization study revealing that metabolic syndrome is causally related to renal failure

“…In a cross-sectional analysis, MetS incidence was found to be related to CK incidence irrespective of BMI, while WC and hypertension were identified as the MetS components most closely related to renal failure ( 28 ), in line with the present results. A meta-analysis determined that the combination of WC and TF levels can be effectively used to assess CKD risk ( 29 ), and there is also cross-sectional evidence suggesting that MetS or chronic inflammation are related to renal impairment, with a particularly strong link between low-grade inflammation and stage 3+ CKD in individuals with MetS, whereas the same was not true in individuals without MetS ( 30 ). Transplant kidney loss and cardiovascular disease-related death have been linked to MetS diagnosis following renal transplantation ( 31 ).…”

Image_2.tif

“…In a crosssectional analysis, MetS incidence was found to be related to CK incidence irrespective of BMI, while WC and hypertension were identified as the MetS components most closely related to renal failure (28), in line with the present results. A meta-analysis determined that the combination of WC and TF levels can be effectively used to assess CKD risk (29), and there is also crosssectional evidence suggesting that MetS or chronic inflammation are related to renal impairment, with a particularly strong link between low-grade inflammation and stage 3+ CKD in individuals with MetS, whereas the same was not true in individuals without MetS (30). Transplant kidney loss and cardiovascular diseaserelated death have been linked to MetS diagnosis following renal transplantation (31).…”

Image_1.tif

“…In a crosssectional analysis, MetS incidence was found to be related to CK incidence irrespective of BMI, while WC and hypertension were identified as the MetS components most closely related to renal failure (28), in line with the present results. A meta-analysis determined that the combination of WC and TF levels can be effectively used to assess CKD risk (29), and there is also crosssectional evidence suggesting that MetS or chronic inflammation are related to renal impairment, with a particularly strong link between low-grade inflammation and stage 3+ CKD in individuals with MetS, whereas the same was not true in individuals without MetS (30). Transplant kidney loss and cardiovascular diseaserelated death have been linked to MetS diagnosis following renal transplantation (31).…”