Relationship between Physiological and Ecological Traits and Snow Mold Damage in Winter Wheat Varieties (Triticum aestivum L.).

Kuwabara, Tatsuo; Abe, Jiro; Moriyama, Masahisa; lriki, Norio; Yoshida, Midori; Takata, Kanenori

doi:10.1270/jsbbs1951.47.271

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Water potentials in grasses decrease during the hardening process, possibly explaining the less extensive growth of snow mold fungi on hardened plants (Tronsmo 1986). Snow mold‐resistant cultivars are also characterized by their low water content (Kuwabara et al 1997; Yoshida et al 1997).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Snow Mold Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature‐wheat‐fungal interactions: A carbohydrate connection

Gaudet

Laroche

Yoshida

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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Winter annual and perennial crop species grown in the northern boreal ecosystem must survive periods of protracted snow cover and low temperatures during the winter. In deep snow regions, plants are susceptible to winter stresses caused by both snow molds and low temperatures. Therefore, high levels of tolerance to freezing and snow molds are requisite for crops adapted to these regions. Accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in winter wheat during the autumn is linked to both hardening and resistance to attack by snow molds. Snow mold‐resistant cultivars accumulate higher levels of carbohydrate and metabolize them at slower rates than susceptible cultivars. The quantity and quality of carbohydrates, particularly fructans, remaining in the spring after snow mold attack appear important for survival of winter wheat. However, the total accumulation of carbohydrates is dependent on the stage of development of the winter cereal plant at the beginning of the winter. Recent research findings have shown that sugars are pivotal metabolic activators of the sugar‐sensing enzyme, hexokinase, which initiates signal transduction and activation of numerous metabolic genes including host defense genes. Thus, an understanding of the metabolism of soluble carbohydrates, particularly fructans, during plant growth, hardening, and snow mold infection, is essential to the elucidation of survival mechanisms in plants subjected to these winter stresses.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Snow Mold Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature‐wheat‐fungal interactions: A carbohydrate connection

Gaudet

Laroche

Yoshida

1999

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Seeds were sown on 30 Aug. 2004 in plastic pots fi lled with commercial soil with two replications, and 25 seedlings of each cultivar in one pot were grown in a greenhouse for 1 mo and then transferred outside for the evaluation of fall dormancy through etiolated growth (Kuwabara et al, 1997;Moriyama et al, 2003). Three crowns with roots for each cultivar were randomly sampled from each pot, transplanted into a plastic seedling case fi lled with vermiculite on 11 Nov. 2004 with two replications, and kept in a growth chamber at 25°C under dark conditions to observe the regrowth of shoots.…”

Section: Etiolated Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Fall and Spring and Vigor of Spring Regrowth in Orchardgrass

2010

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To clarify relationships among factors associated with winter stress in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration, resistance to snow mold, and tolerance to prolonged snow cover were evaluated under both conditions of natural infection and chemical control of snow mold. A total of 18 cultivars from Japan, Europe, and the United States were transplanted into the field at Hokkaido in October 2003 and 2004. Crown samples were collected before the start of snow cover in fall and after melting of the snow in spring and were analyzed for WSC concentration. The total WSC concentration of cultivars originating in cold regions was higher in spring than that of cultivars originating in warm regions. The WSC concentration in fall was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover and resistance to snow mold. Otherwise, WSC concentration in spring was significantly correlated with spring regrowth and resistance to snow mold. Although dry wt. in the fall was negatively correlated with spring regrowth and snow mold resistance, it was not correlated with tolerance to prolonged snow cover. WSC concentration of crown tissues in spring should be an important selection criterion for a superior winter‐hardy cultivar with rapid regrowth in spring. Cultivars that show both more fall growth and better tolerance to prolonged snow cover could be used in crosses with winter‐hardy cultivars to increase forage yield in the fall.

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“…This phenomenon is considered a form of physiological dwarfness. There is a relationship between dwarfness and overwintering ability; for example, the rosette varieties of winter rape and wheat have higher freeze tolerance (Vasil'yev, 1961;Shiga et al, 1966;Kuwahara et al, 1997). Artificial dwarfing induced by the application of gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors (GAls), such as triadimefon and uniconazole-P, also enhances the freeze tolerance of rape, cabbage, and barley (Fletcher and Hofstra, 1985;Zhou and Leul, 1998;Sopher et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%