Relationship between retail food outlets near public schools and adolescent obesity in New York City

Rummo, Pasquale E.; Wu, Erilia; McDermott, Zachary T.; Schwartz, Amy Ellen; Elbel, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102408

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Studies reported a greater proximity of food outlets (especially grocery stores and fast-food restaurants) from high schools than preschools or elementary schools. The authors report that the flexibility of schedules, greater independence, and autonomy of high school students can decoy for the food market, in addition to the privileged location of schools on high-traffic roads, coinciding with the location of restaurants and supermarkets [ 2 , 13 , 26 , 32 , 35 , 39 , 50 , 64 , 72 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between the food environment around schools and health-related outcomes was examined by 20 studies [ 2 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 24 , 26 , 40 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], which evaluated the following indicators in children and adolescents: overweight/obesity ( n = 12), body mass index (BMI) ( n = 9), score BMI ( n = 5), BMI percentile ( n = 7), body fat percentage ( n = 6), and fat mass index ( n = 1). Of these, three studies found that schools with the highest number of cafeterias, fast-food restaurants, and food advertisements in the territory had a higher proportion of obese children [ 2 , 12 , 13 , 46 ], and the others did not find significant differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is methodological: no standardized measures and distances were found between the studies, and different indexes were chosen to evaluate obesity. In addition, concerning supermarkets, grocery stores, and convenience stores, most people tend to frequent the environments closest to their homes, which is why it is not easy to associate specifically with the school environment [ 47 , 54 , 64 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

et al. 2022

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The present systematic scope review intended to compile state-of-the-art information about the food environment around schools, exploring the main methods used to describe the food environment around schools as well as the possible effects that this environment can promote on the health of children and adolescents. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses—extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and guidelines were followed to ensure a robust and repeatable methodological process. A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus, as well as in related articles, a manual search of reference lists and gray literature. Forty-six studies were selected. There was no standardization regarding distances from food establishments to schools, methods of analysis, and software used. The food environment around the schools was characterized by the wide availability of food establishments, especially fast food, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores known for offering a wide variety of unhealthy foods. Regarding the correlations with the health of children and adolescents, the evidence points to possible interferences of the food environment known as obesogenic, but it cannot be related only to the school environment since most of the acquisition and consumption of food usually happens around family homes. Conducting standardized and comprehensive studies evaluating food choices in the school environment and their interrelationships is very important to ensure children’s food and nutrition security and minimize negative health outcomes in the medium and long term.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

et al. 2022

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“…A study conducted in two Mexican cities found a higher quantity of food outlets around public schools, but did not detect any statistically significant difference associated with children's BMI (Barrera et al, 2016). Other studies in the United States have found associations between adolescent obesity and schools where corner stores are located closer to schools (Rummo et al, 2020;Cobb et al, 2015;Lee 2012). Those studies have found that in low-income areas, obesity is more related to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores (Lee 2012;Rummo et al, 2020;Cobb et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Other studies in the United States have found associations between adolescent obesity and schools where corner stores are located closer to schools (Rummo et al, 2020;Cobb et al, 2015;Lee 2012). Those studies have found that in low-income areas, obesity is more related to fast-food restaurants and convenience stores (Lee 2012;Rummo et al, 2020;Cobb et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Overweight and Obesity among Schoolchildren of Rural Guatemala and the Food Environment around Schools

Gonzalez-Alvarez

Kroker-Lobos²,

Kidd³

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Childhood obesity is a principal concern worldwide. Guatemalan households have the highest prevalence of double burden of malnutrition in the world. These households are self-identified as indigenous and live with lower incomes in rural communities. However, there are limited data on risk factors for childhood obesity and limited information regarding the school environments, especially in rural communities. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of rural schoolchildren, evaluate whether there is significant variability across schools, and characterize the food environment around public elementary schools in rural communities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four rural public schools within three villages of El Progreso, a Department (state) of Guatemala, located about 60 km east of Guatemala City. Anthropometric measures and sociodemographic information for 398 schoolchildren and their mothers were collected in 2018. Environmental audits of food outlets and food advertisements were completed for a 250- and 500-meter radius around schools. Food outlets and food advertisements were categorized as healthy and less healthy, or acceptable or not acceptable, respectively, using international protocols. One-way ANOVA was used to compare schools and continuous demographic variables. Fisher’s LSD post hoc test was used to examine differences between schools. Chi-Squared tests were conducted to evaluate differences between categorical demographic variables, overweight and obesity, and variables regarding food environments. A logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with overweight and obesity and variability across schools, adjusted for household income, child sex and age, and maternal education and age. Results: The overall percentage of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren across all four schools was 32.4%. There was a higher percentage of less healthful food outlets compared to healthful food outlets and overall food outlets within <250 meters around the four schools, as compared to food outlets within 500 meters. Logistic regression showed that overweight and obesity status varied significantly (p=0.042) depending of the school students attended, when adjusting for household income, child sex and age, maternal education, and age. Conclusion: Study results revealed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in rural communities in Guatemala. There was significant variability in overweight and obesity across schools. Results portray the food environment around schools as a possible contributing factor to childhood obesity.

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Gentrification and childhood obesity: Evidence from New York City public school students in public housing

Zhou,

Schwartz,

Elbel

2023

Obesity

Self Cite

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ObjectiveThe study objective was to determine the effect of gentrification on the weight outcomes of New York City public school students living in public housing.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 19,022 New York City public school students in public housing followed during 2009–2017, weight outcomes of students living in public housing buildings in gentrified neighborhoods were compared to those living in consistently low‐socioeconomic‐status neighborhoods; assignment was quasi‐random in each borough.ResultsAmong the 42,182 student‐year observations, gentrification did not increase weight outcomes significantly, for BMI z scores (0.037; 95% CI: −0.012 to 0.086), obesity (0.6 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI: −0.9 to 2.1), or overweight (1.3 pp; 95% CI: −0.7 to 3.2). However, heterogeneous effects by borough were found, where the gentrification in Manhattan increased students' BMI z scores by 0.19 (95% CI: 0.09–0.29), obesity by 3.4 pp (95% CI: 0.03–6.5), and overweight by 9.2 pp (95% CI: 6.3–12.1). No heterogeneity by race and ethnicity, gender, or age was found.ConclusionsWith strong internal validity, this study shows that neighborhood gentrification differentially influenced children's health through obesity, based on borough of residence. Such findings could inform policies or interventions focused on subpopulations and geographies.

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Relationship between retail food outlets near public schools and adolescent obesity in New York City

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

Food Environment around Schools: A Systematic Scope Review

Overweight and Obesity among Schoolchildren of Rural Guatemala and the Food Environment around Schools

Gentrification and childhood obesity: Evidence from New York City public school students in public housing

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