Relationship between self-control and alcohol consumption patterns and problems of college students.

Werch, Chudley E.; Gorman, Dean R.

doi:10.15288/jsa.1988.49.30

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, three factors for internal self-control were identified: Impairment, Relaxation, and Anxiousness (Werch & Gorman, 1986). Significant relationships emerged between the frequency of use of external and internal selfcontrol strategies with most alcohol-related problems (Werch & Gorman, 1988). However, the direction of these relationships is not clear based on the data available in this report.…”

contrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In this study, participants in the moderate self-control category reported the greatest mean alcohol consumption (number of drinking days last month and number of drinks per occasion). Participants who rarely used strategies and participants who often used strategies reported lower alcohol consumption than participants who sometimes used strategies.This series of studies (Werch, 1990;Werch & Gorman, 1986;1988) established the relevance of drinking control strategies for college drinkers and suggested that strategy use was related to alcohol consumption in somewhat complex ways. However, drinking control strategies were identified in these studies as a heterogeneous set of internal cues, avoidance behaviors, and self-management strategies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Correlation analyses examining the relationship of average BAC and strategy use (column 2 of Table 2) revealed significant negative correlations for Selective Avoidance (r = −0.18) and Alternatives (r = −0.17), and a significantly positive correlation for Strategies While Drinking (r = 0.15). Unlike the other drinking variables, heaviest BAC displayed no significant relationships with strategy use.In light of the findings that Strategies While Drinking were positively correlated with alcohol use, and given the literature suggesting a curvilinear pattern between strategy use and alcohol consumption (Werch & Gorman, 1988), scatterplots corresponding with the correlations reported above were inspected. The scatterplots were suggestive of curvilinear relationships between two of the factors (Strategies While Drinking and Alternatives) and all three drinking variables, therefore exploratory analyses were performed.…”

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The relationship between drinking control strategies and college student alcohol use.

Sugarman

Carey

2007

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

111

191

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Interventions designed to reduce heavy drinking among college students often contain suggestions for drinking control strategies. However, little is known about the relationship of the use of these strategies to alcohol consumption. This study developed a measure of drinking control strategies and investigated its psychometric properties in a sample of 250 college drinkers. Strategies clustered into three factors: selective avoidance of heavy drinking activities/situations, strategies used while drinking, and alternatives to drinking. These three types of strategies were independently associated with alcohol use; however, the first and last types were negatively associated with alcohol consumption, whereas the second type was positively associated with alcohol use. The findings from this study suggest that type of strategy recommended may be important when the goal is alcohol reduction. Keywordsdrinking control strategies; alcohol use; college students Surveys of drinking in national samples of college campuses revealed that between 34 to 44% of students met criteria for heavy drinking (Douglas et al., 1997;Wechsler et al., 2002). Heavy drinking can lead to health risks (e.g., blackouts, personal injuries, physical illnesses, and unprotected sexual activity), in addition to academic, interpersonal, and legal problems (Hingson, Heeren, Winter, & Wechsler, 2005;Perkins, 2002;Aertgeerts & Buntinx, 2002). Due to the substantial risks associated with heavy college drinking, innovative risk reduction strategies are needed. Effective intervention programs have combined information, normative feedback and values clarification within a context of teaching college students skills to moderate risky drinking behaviors (Larimer & Cronce, 2002).Skills-based interventions are designed to modify high risk drinking behaviors in two ways: (a) teaching how to cope with life stresses in ways other than alcohol use (e.g., building alternative stress management, relaxation, and social skills), and (b) teaching alcohol-specific harm reduction skills (e.g., drinking in ways to avoid extreme intoxication and negative consequences). These intervention components evolved from self-management approaches for controlled drinking. For example, Miller and Muñoz (2005) developed a manual titled Controlling Your Drinking which outlines self-control strategies in three domains: while you drink, before you drink, and instead of drinking. The 'while you drink' strategies focus on slowing down drinking. The 'before you drink' strategies focus on teaching ways to gain control over drinking by understanding and changing antecedents that lead to heavy drinking. Lastly, the 'instead of drinking' strategies focus on gaining understanding of the reinforcers of alcohol use and teaching alternate ways to achieve these reinforcing effects without alcohol use.Many skills-based interventions designed for college students offer a menu of strategies or tips to students to help them moderate their drinking. However, little is known about the relationship...

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The relationship between drinking control strategies and college student alcohol use.

Sugarman

Carey

2007

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

111

191

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“…Wills, Sandy, and Yaeger (2002) demonstrated that both poor self-regulation and negative affect strengthened the association between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. At a more alcohol-specific level, Werch and Gorman (1988) demonstrated that students lacking in self-control strategies for alcohol use had higher levels of alcohol problems. Furthermore, impaired alcohol-specific control predicts consequences, but not alcohol consumption per se (Nagoshi, 1999).…”

Section: Predictors Of Alcohol-related Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association between alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems: An event-level analysis.

Neal

Carey

2007

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Heavy drinking students experience a myriad of alcohol-related negative consequences. Use of eventlevel data permits predictions to be made regarding (a) the likelihood of alcohol-related consequences occurring after specific drinking events, and (b) moderators of the association between intoxication and consequences. College students (N = 183, 64% female) completed four consecutive 7-day drinking diaries and turned them in weekly. The diaries yielded prospective event-level data on daily drinks, time spent drinking, and negative consequences related to each drinking event. Alcohol intoxication on a given day was significantly associated with increased levels of risk, although this association was moderated by average level of intoxication. Furthermore, self-control was associated with increased likelihood of negative consequences at all levels of intoxication, and self-regulation and impulsivity moderated the event-level association between daily intoxication and likelihood of negative consequences. Results suggest that self-regulation subsumes impulsivity and self-control. KeywordsAlcohol-related consequences; Event-level analyses; daily drinking diaries; moderation effects College students report experiencing a wide range of academic, interpersonal, health, and legal consequences due to alcohol use (e.g., Presley, Meilman, & Lyerla, 1994); estimates place the number of alcohol-related deaths among college students at 1,400 per year and alcohol-related injuries at over 500,000 per year (Hingson, Heeren, Zakocs, Kopstein, & Wechsler, 2002). As such, alcohol-related problems continue to concern college administrators, alcohol researchers, and the parents of students (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2002). Relevant foci for research on alcohol-related consequences include: (a) identification of patterns of alcohol consumption that lead to problems; and (b) risk factors that can increase the likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related consequences.The association between alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences can be characterized using global-or event-level data. Global measures summarize some aspect of a person's drinking as a sum or average (e.g., average drinks per drinking day), whereas eventlevel data capture details of a particular drinking event (e.g., daily quantities). Although global measures of alcohol use have considerable utility in many contexts, their use can obscure information such as frequency or variability. A similar problem exists with measures of alcohol-related consequences. Although questionnaires such as the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI; White & Labouvie, 1989) and the Young Adult Alcohol Problem Screening Test (YAAPST;Hurlbut & Sher, 1992) and intensity of alcohol-related consequences, they fall short in capturing the acute relation between a drinking event and consequences experienced as a result of that event.The primary strength of event-level data collection is that it provides greater flexibility in modeling the relation between consum...

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“…Researchers, Werch and Gorman (1988;also Werch, 1990), have identified a variety of internal and external behavior strategies for limiting consumption among a sample of college students. According to Werch and Gorman, students naturally attempt to control their alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Step 2-requirements Placed On Designated Drivers Limiting Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental testing of designated driver cues

Lange¹,

Baker²,

Johnson³

2000

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Relationship between self-control and alcohol consumption patterns and problems of college students.

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

The relationship between drinking control strategies and college student alcohol use.

The relationship between drinking control strategies and college student alcohol use.

Association between alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems: An event-level analysis.

Experimental testing of designated driver cues

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