Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cancer Death Rates in the Residents, Living in a Rural Area of Hokkaido, Japan

Ito, Yoshinori; Suzuki, Sadao; Yagyu, Kiyoko; Sasaki, Ryuichiro; Suzuki, Kôji; Aoki, Kunio

doi:10.2188/jea.7.1

Cited by 27 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(11 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…10,15,16) Serum levels of αand β-carotenes, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin/lutein were lower among current smokers and regular alcohol drinkers in the present study (data not shown), a finding also reported in other investigations. 17) In addition, serum levels of carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with BMI, and serum total cholesterol levels closely correlate with serum levels of carotenoids because serum carotenoids are carried by lipoprotein in the blood. 18) We, therefore, tested for differences in serum levels of carotenoids and other components between cases and controls, and estimated the risk of lung cancer death associated with these serum levels, adjusting for gender, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, BMI, and serum cholesterol levels, using ANCOVA and logistic regression analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case‐control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study

et al. 2003

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate whether high serum levels of carotenoids, tocopherols, and folic acid decrease risk of lung cancer in Japanese, we conducted a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. A total of 39 140 subjects provided serum samples at baseline between 1988 and 1990. We identified 147 cases (113 males and 34 females) of death from lung cancer during an 8-year follow-up. Of the subjects who survived to the end of this follow-up, 311 controls (237 males and 74 females) were selected, matched to each case of lung cancer death for gender, age and participating institution. We measured serum levels of antioxidants in cases of lung cancer death and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer death were estimated using conditional logistic models. The risk of lung cancer death for the highest quartile of serum α α α α-carotene, β β β β-carotene, lycopene, β β β β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin was significantly or marginally significantly lower than for the lowest quartile: the ORs, adjusted for smoking and other covariates, were 0.35 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0. any epidemiological studies suggest that dietary vegetables rich in β-carotene decrease human lung cancer risk.1, 2) Several studies have shown that high dietary intake of carotenoids other than β-carotene is associated with low risk of lung cancer.2-5) In Japan, high intake of green and yellow vegetables was found to be significantly associated with low mortality rates of lung cancer among a large-scale cohort followed for over 15 years. 6) However, clinical trials have found no inverse association between administration of synthetic β-carotene and lung cancer incidence.4) Recent studies have found that serum carotenoids such as cryptoxanthin and lutein have clearer inverse associations with lung cancer risk than does β-carotene. 7)This indicates the need for further investigation of the role of carotenoids other than β-carotene. Presently, there is little available data concerning the role of these carotenoids, particularly in Japan.Thus, in order to examine the association between death from lung cancer and serum levels of carotenoids and other antioxidants, we conducted a case-control study nested in a large-scale Japanese cohort. In this cohort, we found that, among male smokers, risk of death from lung cancer was lower for those who frequently consume vegetables and fruits rich in carotenoids. 8) Materials and MethodsSubjects and blood samples. The study subjects were recruited in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk Sponsored by Monbukagakusho (the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan). The details of the JACC Study are described elsewhere. 9) A questionnaire about health and lifestyles was distributed to the participants. The questions addressed personal and family medical histories, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary intake of major foods, and anthropometric factors. 8,9)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case‐control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study

et al. 2003

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is speculated to have antitumorigenic properties, but the results of epidemiological studies are inconclusive, as some support its protective role, (80,159,170) while others do not (Table 3) (177,312). The protective effect of b-carotene was tested in combination with a-tocopherol in the ATBC study, and after eight years of dietary supplementation, no protective effect against cancer was found (8, 293).…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Countermeasures Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Biomarkers and Clinical Evidence

Samoylenko

Hossain²,

Mennerich³

et al. 2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent largescale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials.

show abstract

“…4,34 In most Japanese populations, serum BC levels are more than 2-fold higher for women than for men. [20][21][22] Serum BC levels have been shown to reflect high intake of colored vegetables, and BC consumed together with fat is incorporated effectively into the body. 35 We previously found that, after synthetic BC administration in Japanese, serum levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS; a class of lipid peroxides) were significantly elevated and were more than 3-fold greater than serum BC levels.…”

Section: Subject Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer Mortality and Serum Levels of Carotenoids, Retinol, Tocopherols, and Folic Acid in Men and Women: a Case-Control Study Nested in the JACC Study

Ito

Wakai

Suzuki

et al. 2005

Journal of Epidemiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selection of Cases and ControlsLung cancer deaths were identified using municipal registration records and death certificates. 14, 15 We followed subjects until late 1999, and eligible case subjects were defined as those who died from lung cancer (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision: C34). During about 10-year follow-up, 240 deaths from lung cancer were identified among the subjects who provided baseline serum samples. Of these, we excluded 8 subjects with a previous history of cancer, and excluded 21 who lacked suitable samples. For each case of lung cancer death (hereafter referred to as "cases"), 2 or 3 controls were selected from the survivors, matching for sex, age (as near as possible), and participating institution. Of the initial 569 matched controls, we excluded 6 with a previous history of cancer, 30 who lacked sufficient samples, and 46 whose matched cases were excluded. Thus, 211 cases and 487 controls were included in the analysis.Determination of Serum Carotenoids, Retinol, Tocopherols, and Folic Acid All samples were analyzed by trained staff blinded to case-control status. Serum total cholesterol (TC) was determined using an autoanalyzer. Serum concentrations of carotenoids, RE, and tocopherols were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, as described elsewhere.17 All samples were stored in deep freezers at -80 for about 11 years, and serum levels of carotenoids, RE and tocopherols were measured using the same equipment for all specimen; the ranges of repeatability and dayto-day variation were 4.6% to 6.9% and 6.3% to 20.0%, respectively, for the assays of carotenoids, RE, and tocopherols. 17 We could not separately measure serum levels of zeaxanthin and lutein or -and -tocopherols, and therefore report the combined levels as ZL or -and -tocopherols (BT), respectively. We calculated total carotenes (TCR) as the sum of AC, BC, and LY, calculated total xanthophylls (TXP) as the sum of CR, ZL, and canthaxanthin (CX), and calculated total provitamin A (PVA) as the sum of AC, BC, and CR. Total carotenoids (TCA) were calculated as TCR plus TXP. Serum folic acid levels were determined using a cloned enzyme donor immunoassay. 18 Statistical AnalysisBody mass index (BMI) at baseline was calculated from reported height and weight: BMI = (weight in kg)/(height in m) 2 . Mean differences between lung cancer cases and matched controls were examined by t test after converting serum levels of carotenoids, RE, tocopherols, folic acid and TC to logarithmic values. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was also performed after controlling for age, participating institutions, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI and serum TC level.19 Two conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer death. 19 Variables adjusted in the models were as follows: model 1 (OR1), age, participating institution, and smoking; model 2 (OR2), age, participating institution, smoking, alcohol con-Many epidemiological studies have shown ...

show abstract

Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cancer Death Rates in the Residents, Living in a Rural Area of Hokkaido, Japan

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Serum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case‐control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study

Serum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case‐control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study

Nutritional Countermeasures Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Biomarkers and Clinical Evidence

Lung Cancer Mortality and Serum Levels of Carotenoids, Retinol, Tocopherols, and Folic Acid in Men and Women: a Case-Control Study Nested in the JACC Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About