Relationship between serum concentrations of boron and inflammatory markers, disease duration, and severity of patients with knee osteoarthritis in Sulaimani city

Five causes why boron essentiality on humans has not been confirmed: A hypothesis

“…Currently, the determination of B in bones is only done in animals and humans died [36,45]; this is because is no possible to collect samples of bones in ribs, femur, column and parietal in vivo. Two alternate methods to determine the B content in vivo are the analysis of blood and urine [34,35,60]; however, because both methods just can diagnose the nutritional status of 24 hours, is no possible to use them to identify etiologies associated with a deficit of B in the long term [61]. The homeostatic mechanism that regulates the concentration of B in humans is so dynamic that subjects who have different daily B intake present little variation in the content of B in blood and urine [62].…”

“…Due to the large number of sources that supply and the low requirement of B (1.0 mg day -1 ) to date have not been able to identify at least a symptom associated with its deficit, or well to demonstrate it participates in any reaction biochemical in the metabolism of the man [30]. However, several authors suggest the OST and ART are diseases could be related with a B deficit [14,17,[33][34][35]; however, because Ca is 66% of the mass bone [36,37], currently OST are more associated with a deficiency of this element [38,39] that the B deficiency. The hypothesis that OST and ART could be related to a deficit of B is based considering people suffer these diseases present 50% less concentration of B in bones and blood than healthy people [14,34,35]; grounded on these evidences, since 22 years ago several physicians ha be recommended the B supplementation as part of the OST and ART treatment [9,14,34,35,40].…”

“…However, several authors suggest the OST and ART are diseases could be related with a B deficit [14,17,[33][34][35]; however, because Ca is 66% of the mass bone [36,37], currently OST are more associated with a deficiency of this element [38,39] that the B deficiency. The hypothesis that OST and ART could be related to a deficit of B is based considering people suffer these diseases present 50% less concentration of B in bones and blood than healthy people [14,34,35]; grounded on these evidences, since 22 years ago several physicians ha be recommended the B supplementation as part of the OST and ART treatment [9,14,34,35,40]. There are no data to support that the assimilation of Ca and B occur at the same time but recently Jugdaohsingh et al [36] reported that the accumulation and desorption pattern of both elements in bones through the life cycle of rats is very similar.…”

Boron determination in serum and plasma of rats administered boron citrate

“…Yapılan literatür araştırmalarında, organ ve dokularda [21], plazmada [22,23], serumda [24,25] ve idrarda [26,27] bor seviyesinin incelenmesi ile ilgili birkaç çalışmaya rastlanmıştır. Ancak, bu çalışmalarda vücudumuza borun alım formlarından biri olan bor sitrat uygulaması sonucu biyolojik materyallerde bor ölçümüne dayalı bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır.…”