Relationship Between Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Northwest China: A Mediating Role of Sleep Quality

Abstract

Objective: There are few studies about the relationship between social capital (SC) and depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and the mechanism explaining how SC leads to decreased depression is unclear. The current study aims to explore the relationship between SC and depressive symptoms among the T2DM patients in northwest China, with a particular focus on the mediating role of sleep quality.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,761 T2DM patients from Ningxia Province was conducted. The Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CES-D) and self-report sleep quality questionnaire coupled with the SC scales were administered during the face-to-face survey. The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the mediation model.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among T2DM patients was 24.8%. After controlling for covariates, the SC (r = −0.23, p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with CES-D score; the sleep quality was also negatively correlated with CES-D score (r = −0.31, p < 0.001); and the SC was positively correlated with sleep quality (r = 0.10, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that SC was inversely related to the risk of depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, sleep quality was negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Sleep quality has mediated the relationship between SC and depressive symptoms among T2DM patients (explaining 12.6% of the total variance).Conclusions: We elucidated how SC interacted with depressive symptoms through the mediation pathway of sleep quality using a representative sample of the Chinese diabetes patients. The findings indicate that the improvement of SC and sleep quality may help in maintaining mental health among T2DM patients. Hence, clinicians can suggest that patients communicate more with others to improve the SC and, in turn, maintain their health.

Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among Chinese diabetic retinopathy patients: A cross-sectional study

“…These prevalence rates were higher than those reported in the general population [ 39 ]. In our study, the prevalence of depression was higher than Wang ’ s study [ 40 ]. However, another study found that the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with diabetes was higher than that in our study [ 41 ].…”

Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms on the Association Between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…A similar sampling procedure was described previously. 17 The total sample size was evaluated by the formula: n = Z 2 α/2 (1 - P)/ε 2 P. According to a previous study, the prevalence of quality of life in Chinese diabetes patients was 55%. 18 Hence, we set P = as 0.55 in this study.…”

The association between blood glucose levels and lipids or lipid ratios in type 2 diabetes patients: A cross-sectional study

“…Participants were recruited using PPS sampling. A related sampling procedure has been described formerly ( 21 ). The total sample size was evaluated by the formula: n = (1 - P)/ϵ2 P. According to a previous study, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese diabetes patients was 54.3% ( 22 ).…”

“…Sleep duration was identified by two questions, “how early do you usually go to sleep at night and how early do you usually wake up” ( 26 ). Sleep quality was determined by poor/moderate/good responses to the question “how do you rate your sleep quality” ( 21 ).…”