Relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection: findings from a survey in the Free State and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa

Bunyasi, Erick Wekesa; Coetzee, David

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016232

Cited by 54 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…genetic correlations between HIV-1 acquisition and heritable phenotypes associated with socio-economic factors, corroborating previous epidemiological work, and further highlighting the need for prevention strategies tailored to individuals who most need it 28 . We further validated the genetic correlations using the independent SumHer-GC method, supporting these results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The behavioral, cellular and immune mediators of HIV-1 acquisition: New insights from population genetics

Powell

Duarte

Hotopf

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Millions are exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) every year, but not all acquire the virus, suggesting a potential role for host genetics in the moderation of HIV-1 acquisition. Here, we analyzed summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of HIV-1 acquisition todate, consisting of 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population controls, to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms implicated in this trait. We found that HIV-1 acquisition is polygenic and heritable, with SNP heritability estimates explaining 28-42% of the variance in this trait at a population level. Genetic correlations alongside UK Biobank data revealed associations with smoking, prospective memory and socioeconomic traits. Gene-level enrichment analysis identified EF-hand calcium binding domain 14 as a novel susceptibility gene for HIV-1 acquisition. We also observed that susceptibility variants for HIV-1 acquisition were significantly enriched for genes expressed in T-cells, but also in striatal and hippocampal neurons. Finally, we tested how polygenic risk scores for HIV-1 acquisition influence blood levels of 35 inflammatory markers in 406 HIV-1-negative individuals. We found that higher genetic risk for HIV-1 acquisition was associated with lower levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 17. Our findings corroborate a complex model for HIV-1 acquisition, whereby susceptibility is partly heritable and moderated by specific behavioral, cellular and immunological parameters.Around 38 million people currently live with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) worldwide 1 , and millions more are exposed to potential infection every year through sexual contact, vertical transmission, or via the parenteral route 2,3 . First-line prevention strategies against acquisition comprise of the use of condoms and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), or abstinence from drugs or sex 4 . However, epidemiological studies have identified varying degrees of susceptibility to HIV-1, suggesting that host genetics may play a role in moderating acquisition, which could be explored in the context of preventive strategies. For example, studies conducted prior to the development of antiretroviral therapy observed that less than a third of babies born from HIV-1-positive mothers acquire HIV-1 5 and, similarly, that a proportion of highly exposed individuals are resistant to infection 6 . Supporting this hypothesis, homozygosity of the Δ32 mutation of the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) gene has been shown to protect against HIV-1 infection 7-9 , as the encoded protein is a co-receptor needed for viral entry. However, it remains unknown whether common genetic risk factors are also involved in host susceptibility to acquisition.HIV-1 acquisition is a complex phenotype that consists of behavioral risk parameters and biological factors moderating viral entry and replication. A better understanding of both behavioral and biological factors influencing acquisition has the potential to improve our basic comprehension of ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The behavioral, cellular and immune mediators of HIV-1 acquisition: New insights from population genetics

Powell

Duarte

Hotopf

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Older age is a high risk of HIV. This nding is in line with other ndings [33,35,36] but some researches strongly disagree with this nding [37]. The youngest age group expected to rush new HIV/AIDS infection and practicing unsafe sex due to some biological and economic reasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Spatial Patterns and Associated Factors of HIV Seropositivity among Adults in Ethiopia from EDHS 2016: A Spatial and multilevel analysis

Hailu

Tadese

Bogale

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHIV is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Exploring the spatial pattern, distribution and associated factors of HIV Seropositivity is important to monitor, and design effective intervention programs. Therefore, this study showed associated factors and spatial variation of HIV Seropositivity in Ethiopia.MethodThis secondary data analysis, sampling technique and procedures were done by Ethiopipan Central Statistical Agency. A total sample of 25,774 individuals data were extracted from the 2016 EDHS data mainly HIV biomarkers, IR, MR, and GPS. Spatial heterogeneity analysis were done using tools like Morans I, Local G*, Interpolation, and Kulldorff’s scan statistic. The spatial analysis was carried out by using open source software (QGIS, GeoDa, SaTScan). Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to identify both individual and household level factors associated with HIV Seropositivity and the analysis was carried out by Stata 14. Finally AOR with 95% confidence interval of mixed-effect logistic regression result in the full model was used to report.ResultThe prevalence of HIV/AIDS was found 0.93% at the national level. The highest prevalence regions were Gambela, Addis Ababa, Harari, and Dire Dawa, which accounts for 4.79%, 3.36%, 2.65%, and 2.6%, respectively. Similarly, the most likely high-risk HIV Seropositivity spatial cluster was found in the Gambela region and Addis Ababa followed by Harari and Diredawa. In a multilevel analysis at the individual level being married [AOR = 2.19 95%CI: (1.11, 4.31)] and previously married [AOR = 6.45, 95%CI (3.06, 13.59)] were significantly associated with serropositivity. Regarding household level place of residence [urban: AOR = 6.13 CI: (3.12, 12.06)] were associated with HIV Seropositivity.ConclusionThe distribution of HIV cases was not random. High cluster HIV cases were found in Gambela, Addis Abeba, Harari, and Dire Dawa. At the individual level, some characters are high risk like being previously married, start sex at a younger age, female household headed, urban residence, and lower household size is more affected by HIV/AIDS. So any concerned bodywork around this risk group and area can be effective in the reduction of transmission.

show abstract

“…Poverty has been recognized as playing a pivotal role in shaping the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa(27–29), as it can drive individuals to engage in HIV risk behaviors, including transactional sex for food and other basic survival needs. Research on the association between poverty-related factors and transactional sex has been conducted mostly among women (30,31), but may also be relevant among men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding HIV Risk Behaviors Among Young Men in South Africa: A Syndemic Approach

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Young men in South Africa experience several adverse socio-structural and psychosocial factors that may contribute HIV risk behaviors. This study applied a syndemic framework to explore whether these syndemic factors are interconnected and work in synergy to increase HIV risk behaviors. Five syndemic factors were assessed including: binge drinking, polydrug use, depressive symptoms, violence and food insecurity on two HIV risk behaviors: multiple sex partners and transactional sex. Participants were (N = 1233) young men aged 18-29 years from a township in Cape Town, South Africa. Bivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that many of the syndemic factors were related to one another. Pairwise interactions (on an additive scale) among the syndemic factors revealed significant positive interactions between binge drinking and violence on greater odds of reporting multiple sex partners (aOR = 5.10, 95% CI 3.10, 8.29; p = < .001) compared to reporting neither factor. Also, food insecurity and violence (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.63, 5.11; p = < .001) as well as food insecurity and polydrug use (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.54, 4.84; p = < .001) were significantly associated with greater odds of transactional sex compared to reporting neither factor. Our findings highlight a synergistic relationship between some adverse socio-structural and psychosocial factors on HIV risk behaviors. HIV prevention programs that address multiple syndemic factors simultaneously may achieve greater impact on HIV risk reduction.

show abstract

Relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection: findings from a survey in the Free State and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

The behavioral, cellular and immune mediators of HIV-1 acquisition: New insights from population genetics

The behavioral, cellular and immune mediators of HIV-1 acquisition: New insights from population genetics

Spatial Patterns and Associated Factors of HIV Seropositivity among Adults in Ethiopia from EDHS 2016: A Spatial and multilevel analysis

Understanding HIV Risk Behaviors Among Young Men in South Africa: A Syndemic Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About