Relationship between solar activity and global seismicity and neutrons of terrestrial origin

Shestopalov, I. P.; Харин, Е. П.

doi:10.2205/2014es000536

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These results have allowed one to suppose that there is a thermal neutron field near the Earth's crust, and the parameters of this field are likely to be determined by the Earth's endogenous activity. Experiments that were simultaneously carried out in 2010-2012 in Moscow and Kamchatka have verified the recording of earthquake-and volcanic eruptions-related neutrons on the Earth's surface [Shestopalov and Dubovik, 2015;Shestopalov and Kharin, 2014;;Shestopalov et al, 2013]. As a result of ground measurements of a) thermal and fast neutrons, carried out at the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Moscow; b) thermal neutrons, carried out at the Karymshina Complex Geophysical Observatory, Kamchatka Branch, Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 2010-2012, neutron fluxes were registered, related to the = 8.8 Chilean earthquake of February 27; the Eyjafjallajökull volcano's eruption in Iceland in March-April 2010; the = 9 earthquake in Japan of March 11, 2011; the = 8.6 earthquake in Indonesia of April 11, 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In 2013 several neutron monitors recorded proton fluxes with intensity exceeding 5000% [Shestopalov and Dubovik, 2015]. The duration of these bursts varied from several minutes to a day.…”

Section: Neutron Fluxes Registered By Neutron Monitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our investigations, carried out from 1990, we studied the relationship between the endogenous activity of the Earth (earthquakes and volcanism), solar activity and neutron flows, registered on Earth [Shestopalov and Dubovik, 2015;Shestopalov andKharin, 2006, 2014;Shestopalov et al, 2013]. We analyzed data on seismic and volcanic energy released from earthquake foci and volcanic eruptions on the globe for the period from 1680 until 2014 and compared them with solar activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the 1990s were the beginning of a new centennial cycle, which was to be characterized by a relatively low solar activity level and intensive seismic activity tending to preserve for approximately during the first third of the cycle. A number of experimental observations over the past 20 years have shown that endogenous activity may be a source of neutrons [Kuzhevskii et al, 1993[Kuzhevskii et al, , 1995Shestopalov and Dubovik, 2015;Shestopalov and Kharin, 2014;Shestopalov et al, 2013;Yasunaga, 1993]. These results have allowed one to suppose that there is a thermal neutron field near the Earth's crust, and the parameters of this field are likely to be determined by the Earth's endogenous activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in particle fluxes began to be recorded a few months prior the events. These events are analyzed in [Shestopalov and Dubovik, 2015;Shestopalov and Kharin, 2014;;Shestopalov et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutrons of terrestrial origin and the endogenous activity of the Earth

Shestopalov¹

2016

Russ. J. Earth Sci.

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As a result of ground measurements of a) thermal and fast neutrons, carried out at the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN), Moscow; b) thermal neutrons, carried out at the Karymshina Complex Geophysical Observatory, Kamchatka Branch, Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 2010-2012, neutron fluxes were registered, related to earthquakes in Chile, Japan, Indonesia. The magnitude of these earthquakes was = 8.6 − 9. Fluxes of neutrons were also registered during the volcanic eruption in Iceland in 2010. In 2013-2015 bursts of neutron fluxes were registered, not only by the instrumental complex with helium counters, i.e. with an energy of several MeV, but also by neutron monitors with threshold energy of 20-30 MeV. We can assume that the emergence of neutrons on the surface of the Earth is related to nuclear reactions in the Earth's interior, generating a variety of particles with high penetrating capacity.KEYWORDS: Thermal and fast neutrons; generation of neutrons; nuclear reactions; neutron monitors; seismicity and volcanism of the Earth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In 2013 several neutron monitors recorded proton fluxes with intensity exceeding 5000% [Shestopalov and Dubovik, 2015]. The duration of these bursts varied from several minutes to a day.…”

Section: Neutron Fluxes Registered By Neutron Monitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutrons of terrestrial origin and the endogenous activity of the Earth

Shestopalov¹

2016

Russ. J. Earth Sci.

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On the correlation between solar activity and large earthquakes worldwide

Marchitelli

Harabaglia

Troise

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Large earthquakes occurring worldwide have long been recognized to be non Poisson distributed, so involving some large scale correlation mechanism, which could be internal or external to the Earth. Till now, no statistically significant correlation of the global seismicity with one of the possible mechanisms has been demonstrated yet. In this paper, we analyze 20 years of proton density and velocity data, as recorded by the SOHO satellite, and the worldwide seismicity in the corresponding period, as reported by the ISC-GEM catalogue. We found clear correlation between proton density and the occurrence of large earthquakes (M > 5.6), with a time shift of one day. The significance of such correlation is very high, with probability to be wrong lower than 10-5. the correlation increases with the magnitude threshold of the seismic catalogue. A tentative model explaining such a correlation is also proposed, in terms of the reverse piezoelectric effect induced by the applied electric field related to the proton density. This result opens new perspectives in seismological interpretations, as well as in earthquake forecast. Worldwide seismicity does not follow a Poisson distribution 1 , not even locally 2. Many authors have proposed specific statistical distributions to describe such a non-poissonian behavior 3-7 but none of these is really satisfactory, probably because the underlying physical process has not been really understood. Many authors have hypothesized that a tidal component may show up in earthquake activity (e.g. 8,9) but generalized evidence has never been proven. Quite recently, some authors 10 suggested that earthquake occurrence might be linked to earth rotation speed variations. There is also a smaller number of researchers that studied possible links among solar activity, electromagnetic storms and earthquakes (e.g. 11-16). The first idea that sunspots could influence the earthquake occurrence dates back 1853, and is due to the great solar astronomer Wolf 17. Since then, a number of scientists has reported some kind of relationship between solar activity and earthquake occurrence 16,18,19 ; or among global seismicity and geomagnetic variation 15,20 or magnetic storms 21,22. Also, some mechanisms have been proposed to justify such correlations: small changes induced by Sun-Earth coupling in the Earth's rotation speed 23 ; eddy electric currents induced in faults, heating them and reducing shear strength 24 ; or piezoelectric increase in fault stress caused by induced currents 25. However, none of these studies allowed achieving a statistically significant conclusion about the likelihood of such mechanisms. On the contrary, 26 argued that there is no convincing argument, statistically grounded, demonstrating solar-terrestrial interaction favoring earthquake occurrence. However, the large interest nowadays for possible interactions between earthquake occurrence and extra-terrestrial (mainly solar) activity, is testified for instance by the Project CSES-LIMADOU, a Chinese-Italian cooperation aimed to launc...

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The sun as a significant agent provoking earthquakes

Anagnostopoulos

Rigas

Preka‐Papadema

et al. 2021

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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In this paper we provide significant evidence that the sun is a principal agent provoking seismic activity. In particular the aim of the studies presented is to examine the possible relation of the coronal hole (CH) driven high speed solar wind streams (HSSs) with seismicity We performed several statistical studies of solar space and seismological data between 1980 and 2017 as well as a study for a long time interval from the year 1900 until the year 2017. (A1) Concerning the period 1980–2017 among other results we found that the earthquakes (EQs) with M ≥ 83 between 2010–2017 (including the catastrophic earthquakes of Japan 2011 (M91) Sumatra 2012 (M86) and Chile 2015 (M83)) occurred during times of large coronal holes as seen by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) satellite and were related with CH-driven HSSs observed by the ACE spacecraft several weeks or a few months before the EQ occurrences. (A2) Further research on the hypothesis of the possible HSS-EQ relationship revealed a surprising novel finding: a power spectrum analysis suggests that during the decay phase of the SCC22 and SC23 and at the maximum of SC23 the values of the global seismic (M ≥ 6) energy output shows a periodic variation of ~27 days, which is the mean rotational period of the Sun. (A3) Moderate (not strong) storms in general precede the great EQs. (B) The study of the data for the time interval 1900–2017 revealed that: (1) all of the giant (M ≥ 85) EQs occurred during the decay minimum and the rising phase of the solar cycle or in the maximum phase but at times of a strong reduction of the monthly averaged sunspot number: Chile M95 1960 EQ – Alaska M92 1964 EQ – Sumatra M91 2004 EQ (decay phase) Japan M91 2011 EQ (rising phase of the "strange" SC24) (2) the global energy release of all EQs with magnitudes M ≥ 55 show the highest values during the decay phase of the solar cycle and in particular three years after the solar maximum and (3) a very significant negative correlation (rS = −042p < 10−4) was found between the SSN and the number of earthquakes with M ≥ 7 during the period 1930–2010 during times of moderate and high amplitude solar cycles. (C) Another result of our study is that the comparison of the yearly numbers of great (M ≥ 7) EQs with the SSN fails to provide correct statistical results whereas this is possible for the global seismic energy or the giant EQs. (D) Finally we infer that the case and statistical studies presented in this paper strongly suggest a close relation between CH-associated HSSs and seismic activity. We present some observational evidence that most probably Alfvèn waves mediate the interaction of CH-driven HSSs with seismicity.

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Relationship between solar activity and global seismicity and neutrons of terrestrial origin

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Neutrons of terrestrial origin and the endogenous activity of the Earth

Neutrons of terrestrial origin and the endogenous activity of the Earth

On the correlation between solar activity and large earthquakes worldwide

The sun as a significant agent provoking earthquakes

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