“…If students possess adequate skills and motivation, they can learn successfully irrespective of the learning environment utilized. For instance, digital literacy (Araniri et al, 2021), student motivation (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction), student outcomes (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) (Yahiaoui et al, 2022), and students' temperament (Mo, Jin and Jin, 2022) have a significant impact on learning achievement irrespective of the platform employed.…”