“…According to the criteria outlined above after screening based on their abstracts, we initially excluded 3,758 citations. After we screened their full texts, we found that 31 original reports included categorical data on both depression and gender and were included in the meta-analysis (Folstein, Maiberger, & McHugh, 1977;Andersen, Vestergaard, Ingemann-Nielsen, & Lauritzen, 1995;Herrmann, Bartels, Schumacher, & Wallesch, 1995;Bjerg Bendsen, Bjerg Bendsen, Lauritzen, Vilmar, & Bech, 1997;Kase et al, 1998;Gainotti, Antonucci, Marra, & Paolucci, 2001;Singh et al, 2000;Desmond et al, 2003;Hsieh & Kao, 2005;Nys et al, 2005;Tang et al, 2005;Glodzik-Sobanska et al, 2006;Caeiro, Ferro, Santos, & Figueira, 2006;Brodaty, Withall, Altendorf, & Sachdev, 2007;Fuentes, Ortiz, Sanjose, Frank, & Diez-Tejedor, 2009;Nidhinandana et al, 2010;Nishiyama et al, 2010;Tennen et al, 2011;Shi et al, 2015;Choi-Kwon et al, 2012;Zhang, Pan, Wang, & Zhao, 2013;Rajashekaran, Pai, Thunga, & Unnikrishnan, 2013;Angeleri et al, 1997;Finklestein et al, 1982;Grasso et al, 1994;Ng, Chan, & Straughan, 1995;Sun et al, 2014;Jiang, Lin, & Li, 2014;Saxena & Suman, 2015;Wei et al, 2016;Metoki et al, 2016). The study characteristics and demographics are provided in Table 1.…”