Relationship between the Performance in a Maximum Effort Test for Lifeguards and the Time Spent in a Water Rescue

García, Sergio López; Ruibal-Lista, Brais; Palacios-Aguilar, José; Santiago-Alonso, Miguel; Prieto, José Antonio Fernández

doi:10.3390/ijerph18073407

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…While lactate results do not show significant differences, it is interesting to note that efforts are above the considered anaerobic threshold, indicating a type of lactate anaerobic effort [ 29 , 30 ]. In this study, the mean lactate values reached were close to or lower than those obtained in other studies with lifeguards that conducted various trials comparing materials or rescue conditions [ 7 , 8 , 31 , 32 ]. The differences may be due to the fact that in the present study, all the rescuers used wetsuits, which helped them to reduce resistance to advance and achieve a lower lactate accumulation [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Do Longer Fins Improve Ocean Rescues? A Comprehensive Investigation into Lifeguard Performance and Physiological Impact

Ignacio-Rodríguez,

Barcala-Furelos,

Rey

et al. 2024

JFMK

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Coastal environments present dynamic challenges necessitating rapid and efficient responses during aquatic emergencies. Lifeguards, as pivotal links in the intervention chain, rely on various tools, with rescue time being paramount. The choice of fins, specifically long versus short ones, plays a critical role in optimizing lifeguard performance during rescues. This randomized cross-over study explores the impact of flipper size on ocean rescues, employing a sample of 14 lifeguards. Long fins (LFs) and short fins (SFs) were compared in terms of rescue time (RT) and physiological load (PL). Tests included ocean rescues without fins (R), with LF (R-LF), and with SF (R-SF). Variables recorded encompassed swim approach time, tow-in time, overall rescue time, perceived exertion rates (RPEs), and post-rescue lactate concentration. Long fins demonstrated superior performance in swim approach and tow-in times compared to both short fins and no fins (p < 0.001). Overall rescue time favored long fins significantly (p < 0.001), indicating their efficiency in practical ocean rescue scenarios. Physiologically, long fins induced lower perceived exertion in arms (p = 0.033) compared to short fins. Lactate concentrations post-rescue revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05). This study demonstrates that long fins significantly improve lifeguard performance during ocean rescues, reducing rescue times and alleviating arm fatigue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Do Longer Fins Improve Ocean Rescues? A Comprehensive Investigation into Lifeguard Performance and Physiological Impact

Ignacio-Rodríguez,

Barcala-Furelos,

Rey

et al. 2024

JFMK

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“…The quantification of good CPR in a simulation with manikins has been arbitrarily assumed to be equal to or higher than a value of 70% [ 34 ]. One possible explanation is that rescuers have comprehensive training which includes endurance and strength capabilities [ 35 ], and their work also specifically requires training in both the lower and upper limbs (including hand muscles), in addition to good physical health to allow CPR to be performed [ 36 ] even to allow CPR to be performed under conditions of previous fatigue [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison between Three Different Techniques Considering Quality Skills, Fatigue and Hand Pain during a Prolonged Infant Resuscitation: A Cross-Over Study with Lifeguards

Barcala-Furelos

Noguera

et al. 2022

Children

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The aim of the study was to compare the quality of CPR (Q-CPR), as well as the perceived fatigue and hand pain in a prolonged infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by lifeguards using three different techniques. A randomized crossover simulation study was used to compare three infant CPR techniques: the two-finger technique (TF); the two-thumb encircling technique (TTE) and the two-thumb-fist technique (TTF). 58 professional lifeguards performed three tests in pairs during a 20-min period of CPR. The rescuers performed compressions and ventilations in 15:2 cycles and changed their roles every 2 min. The variables of analysis were CPR quality components, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and hand pain with numeric rating scale (NRS). All three techniques showed high Q-CPR results (TF: 86 ± 9%/TTE: 88 ± 9%/TTF: 86 ± 16%), and the TTE showed higher values than the TF (p = 0.03). In the RPE analysis, fatigue was not excessive with any of the three techniques (values 20 min between 3.2 for TF, 2.4 in TTE and 2.5 in TTF on a 10-point scale). TF reached a higher value in RPE than TTF in all the intervals analyzed (p < 0.05). In relation to NRS, TF showed significantly higher values than TTE and TTF (NRS minute 20 = TF 4.7 vs. TTE 2.5 & TTF 2.2; p < 0.001). In conclusion, all techniques have been shown to be effective in high-quality infant CPR in a prolonged resuscitation carried out by lifeguards. However, the two-finger technique is less efficient in relation to fatigue and hand pain compared with two-thumb technique (TF vs. TTF, p = 0.01).

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“…Previous studies have shown that endurance exercise training enhances rescuers' resistance to fatigue, but a rescuer towing a diver may need to exercise at a higher intensity to increase the exercise tolerance [3,9,10]. Maximal oxygen uptake (V@ O2max,) and the lactate concentration (LA) during exercise are important indicators of lifeguards endurance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the technical and physical skills of lifeguards have been extensively studied in previous research data, there are few studies identifying physiological factors associated with improving the lifeguard cardiopulmonary performance [2,8,9]. From a physiological point of view, exercise training has the potential to strengthen muscle contraction, improve oxygen capacity, and therefore, the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to assess the physiological factors determining the lifeguards efficacy, previous research data have been conducted after performing a simulated rescue operation in which a standard dummy was used [4,8]. It has been shown that the oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration and the heart rate increase during the rescue, which means that aerobic capacity are fundamental to the lifeguard's performance during the rescue [10]. The results of the previous research data showed that the exhaustion of the lifeguard did not have a substantial impact on the quality and effectiveness of the rescue procedures [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of the Configuration of the Dive’s Towed Equioment on the Lifeguguard Physiological Overload

Mikołajczyk,

Sikora,

Łakomy

et al. 2022

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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The aim of the study was to determine the effects of rescue swimming on lifeguard cardiorespiratory system assessed based on heart rate (HR), lung ventilation (VĖ), oxygen uptake (V̇O₂) and blood lactate concentration (LA). Furthermore, we also investigated the possible impact of the rescue equipment of the towed diver on the lifeguard physiological overload and towing speed. Exercise variables were measured in lifeguards aged 25.5 ± 6. years before and immediately after the swimming a distance of 50 m with a person in tow with or without diving equipment. There were no significant effect of different protocols of towing on V̇O₂. The type of towing protocols have a significant effect on HR, VĖ/V̇O₂ ratio, and blood LA levels. The towing time and the average towing speed during simulated rescue operation were significantly different depending on the type of the towing person’s equipment. Towing a diver wearing only a dry suit significantly reduces the towing time, increases towing speed and may be result in better exercise tolerance and less fatigue for rescuer compared to towing a diver in a full classic or wing diving set.

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Relationship between the Performance in a Maximum Effort Test for Lifeguards and the Time Spent in a Water Rescue

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Do Longer Fins Improve Ocean Rescues? A Comprehensive Investigation into Lifeguard Performance and Physiological Impact

Do Longer Fins Improve Ocean Rescues? A Comprehensive Investigation into Lifeguard Performance and Physiological Impact

A Comparison between Three Different Techniques Considering Quality Skills, Fatigue and Hand Pain during a Prolonged Infant Resuscitation: A Cross-Over Study with Lifeguards

The Effect of the Configuration of the Dive’s Towed Equioment on the Lifeguguard Physiological Overload

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