Relationship between the Prevalence of ACE1 I/D Polymorphism Genotype II and Covid-19 Morbidity, Mortality in Ukraine and in Some Europe Countries

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first recorded in China in December 2019, quickly spread to other countries and in a short period of time, the local outbreak escalated into a pandemic. There are significantly more cases of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in European countries than in East Asia, where the disease was first detected. Such population differences are unique, especially for SARS-CoV-2 and are due to both socio-behavioral differences and features of the gene pool of the population of different countries. For infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, an important point is the genetic characteristics of individuals, which can determine its resistance or susceptibility to infection. Therefore, studies of the factors of hereditary predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as severity and mortality are extremely relevant. After genotyping among the healthy population of Ukraine and collecting relevant data from some European countries, we determined the correlation between morbidity, mortality from COVID-19 and the prevalence of genotype II (ACE1, I/D polymorphism) in the populations of Ukraine and several European countries. There was a negative correlation between the carrier of genotype II and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection per one million population ( R = –0.53, p < 0.05), so individuals with genotype II can be considered more resistant to infection SARS-CoV-2. Further study of the role of allelic variants of the ACE1 gene in the development of severity and complications affected patients of COVID-19, are promising for identified of genetic markers for development of personalized therapy.

Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) of Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes (ACE1 and ACE2): A Plausible Explanation for the Global Variation in COVID-19 Prevalence

“…Bellone & Calvisi [ 27 ] reported a generally higher prevalence of the D allele among Europeans, with an average II, ID, and DD genotypic proportion of 0.21, 0.49, and 0.30, respectively. In total agreement, Livshits et al [ 28 ] also reported a lower prevalence of the II genotype (18%) among Ukrainians, with an average proportion of 0.21 in general among Europeans. Interestingly, in both studies, countries like Italy and Spain with the highest COVID-19 cases and deaths, according to the weekly reports from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ( https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/cases-2019-ncov-eueea , 8, June 2022), have a more profound D allele prevalence ( Table 1 ).…”

Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (I/D) Polymorphism in COVID-19 Patients and Their Healthy Contacts

“…Cecilia et al in their study on I/D polymorphism and acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 pneumonia patients concluded that the DD homozygous polymorphism was significantly higher in the patients with pulmonary embolism than in patients without the complication [ 18 ]. Livshits et al studied the prevalence of ACE I/D polymorphism in a few European countries along with Ukraine [ 19 ]. They found that there was a negative correlation between the II genotype and chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Characteristic of epigenetic factors of fertile aged women residents of the Kyiv city of Ukraine who have undergone coronavirus infection

“…ISSN: 2706-8757 Український журнал Перинатологія і Педіатрія 1(97) 2024 18 Вступ К оронавірусна хвороба (COVID-19)це гостре інфекційне захворювання дихальних шляхів, збудником якої є коронавірус. З'ясування епігенетичних факторів, що виявляються в інфікованих жінок, є надзвичайно актуальним, оскільки ці фактори можуть спричиняти інфікування жінок коронавірусом людини [3,7,8,12].…”