Relationship between the stroke mechanism of symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic diseases and culprit plaques based on high-resolution vessel wall imaging

Abstract

) Relationship between the stroke mechanism of symptomatic middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic diseases and culprit plaques based on high-resolution vessel wall imaging.

Predicting acute ischemic stroke using the revised Framingham stroke risk profile and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging

“…Plaque enhancement was classified into three grades (grade 0: signal lower than or equal to the vascular wall before enhancement; grade 1: signal higher than the vascular wall before enhancement but lower than that of the pituitary stalk; and grade 2: signal higher than the pituitary stalk) ( 20 ). The standardized plaque index (SQI) and plaque enhancement ratio (ER) were calculated according to the following formulas: SQI = SI post-plaque /SI post-gray matter , ER = [SI post-plaque /SI post-gray matter – SI pre-plaque /SI pre-gray matter ]/(SI pre-plaque /SI pre-gray matter ) ( 21 ). The lumen area (LA) and vascular area (VA) of the stenosis level and the reference level were measured, and the reference level selected the non-diseased area closest to the proximal end of the stenosis level.…”

High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in ischemic stroke and carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis: A review

“…However, ongoing research and technological advancements can potentially overcome limitations and make these techniques more accessible for everyday clinical use [ 46 , 83 ]. Quantifying plaque enhancement [ 37 , 50 ], plaque burden [ 36 , 96 ], and positive remodeling [ 97 , 98 ] with HR-VWI can offer valued insights into atherosclerotic plaque characteristics, and these insights are comparable to those obtained by assessing vascular stenosis through angiography. Plaque morphology can be precisely measured only in the presence of high isotropic resolution in all three spatial dimensions [ 99 , 100 ].…”

Predictors of positive remodeling in patients with acute ischemia stroke

“…HR-VWI has gained prominence for its ability to characterize high-risk plaques and determine stroke etiology [23][24][25] , however, the role of remodeling in ICAS and its clinical implications remain poorly defined. The varied remodeling patterns evident in the pathological progression of de novo atherosclerosis raise questions about the determinants of remodeling's extent and direction.…”