Relationship between thigh intermuscular adipose tissue accumulation and number of metabolic syndrome risk factors in middle-aged and older Japanese adults

Bang, Eunji; Tanabe, Kai; Yokoyama, Noriko; Chijiki, Shoko; Kuno, Shinya

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.010

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…74 One study reported lack of association between adipocytokines and decline in leg lean mass. 80 Six studies reported adverse events associated with IMAT, 20,76,83,85,87,95 including increased rates of hospitalization, 83 mortality, 20,41,76 and hip fracture 95 as well as low BMD 87 and metabolic risk factors. 85 As for the confounding factors, 14 of 19 studies (74%) showed significant differences in physical activity levels between people with sarcopenia, obesity, SO, and control subjects.…”

Section: Clinical Mechanisms Of Sarcopenic Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

et al. 2022

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Summary Aging and obesity are two global concerns in public health. Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the combination of age‐related sarcopenia and obesity, has become a pressing issue. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarize the current clinical evidence relevant to SO. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched, and 106 clinical studies with 167,151 elderlies were included. The estimated prevalence of SO was 9% in both men and women. Obesity was associated with 34% reduced risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.91; p < 0.001). The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause mortality was 1.51 (95% CI 1.14–2.02; p < 0.001) for people with SO compared with healthy individuals. SO was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and related mortality, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, arthritis, functional limitation, and lung diseases (all ORs > 1.0, p < 0.05). The attenuated risk of sarcopenia in elderlies with obesity (“obesity paradox”) was dependent on higher muscle mass and strength. Apart from unifying the diagnosis of SO, more research is needed to subphenotype people with obesity and sarcopenia for individualized treatment. Meanwhile, the maintenance of proper body composition of muscle and fat may delay or attenuate the adverse outcomes of aging.

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Section: Clinical Mechanisms Of Sarcopenic Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

et al. 2022

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“…95 Even in patients without metabolic disease, increased thigh intramuscular adipose tissue is associated with predictors of increased metabolic syndrome risk. 96 Current clinical trials investigating potential therapeutic agents for patients with CAC are promising, but the drugs being tested do not directly address the contributions of white, beige, and BAT to CAC (such as reducing the release of free fatty acids from WAT, or inhibiting the white-to-beige transition). AR-42, a histone deacetylase, has recently demonstrated preclinical success in reducing levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 lipases and decreasing muscle degradation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia

Vaitkus

Celi

2016

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Adipose tissue (fat) is a heterogeneous organ, both in function and histology, distributed throughout the body. White adipose tissue, responsible for energy storage and more recently found to have endocrine and inflammation-modulatory activities, was historically thought to be the only type of fat present in adult humans. The recent demonstration of functional brown adipose tissue in adults, which is highly metabolic, shifted this paradigm. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate the ability of white adipose tissue to be induced toward the brown adipose phenotype – “beige” or “brite” adipose tissue – in a process referred to as “browning.” While these adipose tissue depots are under investigation in the context of obesity, new evidence suggests a maladaptive role in other metabolic disturbances including cancer-associated cachexia, which is the topic of this review. This syndrome is multifactorial in nature and is an independent factor associated with poor prognosis. Here, we review the contributions of all three adipose depots – white, brown, and beige – to the development and progression of cancer-associated cachexia. Specifically, we focus on the local and systemic processes involving these adipose tissues that lead to increased energy expenditure and sustained negative energy balance. We highlight key findings from both animal and human studies and discuss areas within the field that need further exploration. Impact statement Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome that negatively impacts patient quality of live and prognosis. This work reviews a component of CAC that lacks prior discussion: adipose tissue contributions. Uniquely, it discusses all three types of adipose tissue, white, beige, and brown, their interactions, and their contributions to the development and progression of CAC. Summarizing key bench and clinical studies, it provides information that will be useful to both basic and clinical researchers in designing experiments, studies, and clinical trials.

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“…As no previous investigations explored the association between NC with thigh IMAT, no comparisons can be provided. However it should be underscored the role of intermuscular depots of fat located in the thigh as a relevant predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults who are normal, overweight or obese 11,41 . Taken together, these findings uncover the potential role of NC as a subrrogate of a patogenic neck adipose tissue due to a greater flow of systemic free fatty acids (FFA), that could partly explain the cardiometabolic risk missed by VAT 17,40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neck circumference is associated with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women

Téllez

Silva

Ruiz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Neck circumference (NC) has been proposed as a simple and practical tool, independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the association of NC with inter-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is still to be determined. We aimed to examine the association of NC with thigh IMAT, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured with computed tomography (CT) in overweight/obese women. 142 premenopausal overweight and obese Caucasian women participated in this crosssectional study. NC was measured with an inextensible metallic tape above the thyroid cartilage according to International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. Thigh IMAT and VAT volumes were measured with a single cross-sectional CT. Regarding the covariates, fat mass (FM) was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometry. NC was positively associated with thigh IMAT and VAT volumes (standardized β coefficient: β = 0.45, P-value = ≤0.001, β = 0.60, P = ≤ 0.001; respectively), which persisted after adjusting for age, height, overall FM or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Our findings show that NC is associated with thigh IMAT volume in overweight and obese premenopausal Caucasian women, regardless of the amount of lower-body fatness. These results suggest underscoring the relevance of NC as a marker of adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle.

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Relationship between thigh intermuscular adipose tissue accumulation and number of metabolic syndrome risk factors in middle-aged and older Japanese adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

Deciphering the “obesity paradox” in the elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sarcopenic obesity

The role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia

Neck circumference is associated with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women

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