Relationship Between Time of Class and Student Grades in an Active Learning Course

Abstract

Background A factor related to students’ course performance that has seen limited research compared to other academic factors is the time of day a class is offered. Because of students’ chronotypes (i.e., preferred time of day to study or work), time of class can influence attendance, which has a strong correlation with students’ performance in a course. Purpose/Hypothesis The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between class time, students’ attendance including individual and average class attendance, and students’ final grades in an active learning course. Design/Method The grade and attendance records of 1,577 first‐year engineering (FYE) students enrolled in 15 sections at different times of the day were analyzed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference and Multi‐Level Modeling to identify whether the performance and attendance of students in the early morning sections were significantly different from those in the other sections and to differentiate the individual and class attendance in relation to students’ grades. Results Students enrolled in early morning and late Friday afternoon classes had lower attendance and final grades than students in other sections. Class average attendance had a significant relationship with students’ grades. Thus, in active learning classes, both an individual student's and classmates’ absences have a negative relationship with an individual student's grade. Conclusion FYE students are more likely to miss early morning classes. In a course based on active learning, this lower attendance has a negative relationship with student performance for all students in the class, including the ones who attend the class regularly, suggesting active learning may amplify the negative effects of missing classes.

Large-scale digital traces of university students show that morning classes are bad for attendance, sleep, and academic performance

“…We used Wi-Fi connection data to show that students' attendance was lowest for lecture classes in the early morning (i.e., 08:00). Our results are consistent with prior studies that compared instructor-reported attendance for the same course offered at different times of day (35)(36)(37)(38). In large lectures/seminars and small classes, attendance was lower when classes were held in the early morning compared with later in the day.…”

Komunikasi Interpersonal Dan Kinerja Belajar Taruna Program Studi Penyuluhan Perikanan Politeknik Aup Selama Pandemi Covid-19

“…Keterbatasan akses internet di beberapa daerah menyebabkan taruna tidak dapat hadir sepenuhnya untuk mengikuti pembelajaran daring. Setiawan (2019) dan Marbouti et al (2018) yang menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara tingkat kehadiran dan nilai akhir ujian. Mahasiswa dengan tingkat kehadiran yang tinggi akan memperoleh nilai ujian yang lebih baik.…”

“…Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan efikasi diri, kemandirian belajar, motivasi akademik, kemampuan komunikasi interpersonal, dan tingkat kehadiran dengan kinerja belajar taruna di Program Studi Penyuluhan Perikanan Politeknik Ahli Usaha Perikanan (AUP). Penelitian sebelumnya memperlihatkan beberapa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kinerja pembelajaran yakni: kemampuan komunikasi mahasiswa (Ariyani & Hadiani, 2020;Frymier, 2005), tingkat kehadiran (Marbouti et al, 2018;Setiawan, 2019;Zhu et al, 2019), efikasi diri (Chang et al, 2014;Handayani & Sholikhah, 2021;Wang et al, 2013), kemandirian belajar (Dedi et al, 2016;Tahar, 2006), dan motivasi akademik (Alam, 2018;Slanger et al, 2015;C. Tan, 2020).…”

A Change in the Frame: From Absenteeism to Attendance

“…Students who have absences and tardies in one semester are more likely to have ongoing absences and tardies (Gottfried, 2017). Similarly, students who do not attend and who have classmates who do not attend have a correlation between the absences and their individual grades (Marbouti et al, 2018). Timing has also been shown to have an effect on attendance or lack thereof (Marbouti et al, 2018).…”