Relationship between toxoplasmosis and obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nayeri, Tooran; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Amouei, Afsaneh; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Hosseininejad, Zahra; Aghayan, Sargis A.; Daryani, Ahmad

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007306

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Major depression showed no association with anti- Toxoplasma IgG and anti- Toxoplasma IgM. Our results are inconsistent with those of the systematic reviews evaluating the association between toxoplasmosis and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy (OR = 2.25) [11], bipolar disorder (OR = 1.26) [8], obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 1.96) [51], schizophrenia (OR = 1.81) [9], and addiction (OR = 1.91) [9].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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Background Toxoplasma gondii ( T . gondii ) is an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite that is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. This parasite accounts for mental disorders; however, the relationship between T . gondii infection and depressive disorder is unclear. Regarding this, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the potential association between major depression disorder (MDD) and Toxoplasma infection. Methods For the purpose of the study, the articles related to the subject of interest were systematically searched in seven electronic databases. Special attention was given to the studies examining T . gondii seropositivity level in depressed patients and controls. Results The search process resulted in the identification of a total of 30 publications meeting the inclusion criteria and published up to April 2018 for the systematic review. Furthermore, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria to be entered into meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis involved the review of cross-sectional studies including 1657 depressed patients and 19565 individuals as controls and case-control studies entailing 1311 depressed cases and 6015 controls without depression. 1582 depressed people participated in cross-sectional studies whose results were reported as odds ratio (OR). In addition, the total number of participants was 15068 in this type of studies. Statistical analysis indicated that the pooled OR of the risk of anti- T . gondii IgG antibody in depressed individuals in case-control and cross-sectional studies was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95–1.39). Conclusions As the findings of the reviewed articles indicated, toxoplasmosis is not a risk factor for MDD. However, it is necessary to perform further research to clarify the detailed association between T . gondii and dysthymia or mild and moderate depression. Furthermore, it is recommended to better investigate the effect of antibody titers on the relationship between depression and T . gondii infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, T. gondii can be introduced as an etiological agent in mental disorders ( 7 ). Moreover, psychological complications, including personality disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, migraine, and autism, have related to chronic toxoplasmosis ( 4 , 8 ). This parasite has a trigger agent on the process of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease ( 9 , 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Tyrosine Level in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

Asgari

Sisakht

Shahabadi

et al. 2020

IJPA

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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This global infectious disease has been associated with behavioral changes in rodents and can result in humans' neuropsychiatric symptoms. Since the neurotransmitters alteration can cause a behavioral change, in this study, tyrosine level, as a precursor of dopamine, was evaluated in acute murine toxoplasmosis during 2015 and 2016 in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: At the first, 105 tachyzoites of T. gondii were subcutaneously inoculated to 50 BALB/c mice as experimental groups and 10 mice inoculated by PBS considered as the control group. After that, daily, one group of mice was bled, and sera were collected. Then, their serum tyrosine level was evaluated by HPLC method. Results: After data analysis, the maximum mean serum tyrosine level was seen at 2th day of post parasite inoculation (0.0194 mg/ ml), with a significant difference compared to the control group (0.0117 mg/ ml, P=0.025). Moreover, the least quantity of serum tyrosine (0.076 mg/ml) was seen on the 5th day, after parasite inoculation, however, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: Serum tyrosine level increased in 2 d after inoculation of Toxoplasma, but the level regularly decreased in successive days. Tyrosine level increased by phenylalanine hydroxylase 2 days after inoculation, then tyrosine decreased by tyrosine hydroxylase in the next days. Toxoplasma tyrosine hydroxylase enzymes, at primary days of toxoplasmosis, effect on tyrosine production, and after that, the most effect on tyrosine consumption.

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“…Latent T. gondii infections in humans have been associated with various adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes including suicide and increased risk of traffic accidents [ 50 ], schizophrenia and bipolar disorder [ 11 , 13 ], obsessive compulsive disorder [ 39 ], and increased aggression and impulsivity [ 14 ]. Other studies linked latent infections with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes [ 36 ], rheumatoid arthritis [ 28 ] and Alzheimer’s disease [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Toxoplasma gondii infections are associated with elevated biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury

et al. 2021

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Background Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects cats as definitive hosts and other warm-blooded animals including humans as intermediate hosts. It forms infectious cysts in the brain, muscle and other tissues establishing life-long latent infection. Approximately 10% of the US population is infected. While latent infections are largely asymptomatic, they are associated with neurological deficits and elevated risks of neuropsychiatric diseases. Methods This cross-sectional epidemiological study investigated associations of T. gondii infections with biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA). Serum samples from 694 adults in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, North Carolina metropolitan area were tested for IgG antibody response to T. gondii, and for the above biomarkers using commercially available assays. Results T. gondii seroprevalence rate in this sample was 9.7%. Seropositivity was significantly associated with 11% (95% confidence limits 4, 20%) greater median levels of VCAM-1 (p = 0.003), and marginally significantly with 9% (1, 17%), and 36% (1, 83%) greater median levels of ICAM-1, and CRP, respectively (p = 0.04 for each) after adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates, while the 23% (− 7, 64%) adjusted effect on SAA was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). Conclusions Latent infections with T. gondii are associated with elevated biomarkers of chronic inflammation and vascular injury that are also known to be affected by ambient air pollution.

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Relationship between toxoplasmosis and obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Serum Tyrosine Level in Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis

Latent Toxoplasma gondii infections are associated with elevated biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury

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