Relationship between Trauma due to Winter Storm Alexa, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Other Mental Health Problems of Palestinian Children in Gaza Strip

Thabet, Abdel Aziz Mousa; Thabet, Sana Sabah; Vostanis, Panos

doi:10.17140/pcsoj-2-117

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Forty-two of the 100 young people met criteria for a depressive disorder as the primary diagnosis on the KSADS. Thirty-seven met criteria for MDD, three met criteria for MDD with psychosis, and two participants met criteria for schizoaffective depressive disorder [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between War Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents in the Gaza Strip

Qeshta¹,

Hawajri²,

Thabet³

2019

Health Sci J

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Aim:The study aimed to investigate the relationship between war trauma and PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), anxiety and depression problems among secondary school students in Gaza Strip. Method:The study sample consisted of 408 randomly selected secondary school students (204 boys and 204 girls). Adolescents were interviewed using sociodemographic questionnaire, Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist, Birleson Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Results:The results showed that the most common reported traumatic experiences by adolescents were watching mutilated bodies in TV (93.1%), hearing shelling of the area by artillery (92.4%), hearing the loud voice of drones (90.4%), forced to leave you home with family members due to shelling (67.6%), and Inhalation of bad smells due to bombardment (67.6%). Mean traumatic events were 10.There were statistically significant differences toward boys. Our results showed that 25.5% showed partial PTSD and 16.4% of children showed full criteria of PTSD. PTSD was more in children with family monthly income less than 1700 NIS. Using cut-off point of the scale, 92 of children reported anxiety (22.2%). There were statistically significantly differences in anxiety in favour of girls. Anxiety was more in children from poor families (monthly income less than 1700 NIS). Using cut-off point of the scale, 139 of children reported depression (34.1%). Depression was more in children from poor families (monthly income less than 1700 NIS).The results showed that there was significant correlation between total traumatic events reported by children and total PTSD, re-experiencing, avoidance and arousal. There was statistical correlation between anxiety and depression, anxiety and PTSD and there was statistical significant correlation between PTSD and depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between War Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents in the Gaza Strip

Qeshta¹,

Hawajri²,

Thabet³

2019

Health Sci J

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“…The instrument was translated into the Arabic language by two independent bilingual researchers and was used in two previous studies aimed to measure PTSD among health care providers following the 2014 war [52][53][54][55][56][57]. Then the two Arabic versions were compared, and double checked for accuracy until common agreement about a final translation was agreed upon.…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Years After the 2014 War Against Gaza Strip, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among People Who were Forced to Leave their Homes During the War: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abu-El-Noor¹,

Abu-El-Noor

2020

BJSTR

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Introduction: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common, disabling disorder that appears after the exposure to a traumatic experience. Post-traumatic stress leads to a pattern of symptoms that include a delayed response to an acute stressful and a life-threatening event or situation, such as combat exposure during war time. Individuals exposed to combat exposure in a war zone are not only at risk to experience trauma but typically they may experience multiple traumatic experiences. Gaza Strip was a target for several Israeli aggressions in the last decade. The last and the worst was the offensive of the summer of 2014. People who live in the war zone and were forced to leave their homes have encountered several stressors during the war time that included personal threats to their lives, their families and partial or complete destruction of their homes.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the level of PSTD and to examine the relationship between exposure to war stress and posttraumatic symptoms among people who were forced to leave their homes during/following Israeli offensives against Gaza Strip in 2014. Methodology:A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The target population of this study was people who were forced to leave their homes during the war. A convenience sample of 190 adults who were forced to leave their homes during the war completed a demographic sheet and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). IES-R was translated to Arabic in previous studies and proved to be valid and reliable. It has three sub-scales: intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. Results:The sample consisted of 190 participants, 51.5% (96) of them were males, 13.7% (26) were injured, 18.9% (36) had lost a family member, and 28.9% (55) of them had received psychological support after the event. The results showed that 176 (92.6%) of the participants had scores more than the threshold cut-off point of 35 which means that they have severe posttraumatic symptoms. Total scores of IES-R ranged from 25.03 to 78.0 with a mean of 53.16. The most frequent symptoms of trauma subscales were "Intrusion" (mean=20.94), followed by "Avoidance" (mean=17.66), and then "Hyperarousal" (mean=14.54). Level of trauma symptoms was not affected by sex, place of living, marital status, whether they had experienced an injury, a disability, and home destruction or not. They only factor that had an impact on level of stress was receiving psychological support or not. Interpretation of Results and Implication for Practice:Despite the long period of the event, the findings of our study showed that participants suffered from severe posttraumatic symptoms four years after the war of 2014 against Gaza Strip. Such high prevalence rates of PSTD will have negative consequences on this group of

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“…Palestinians were exposed to different traumatic events whether directly or indirectly, such as witnessing mutilated bodies on TV, being exposed to heavy artillery shelling, seeing evidence of shelling, hearing sonic sounds from jet fighters, witnessing killing of beloved ones and being used as a human shield by Israeli soldiers (Thabet et al, 2014, 2018). Exposure to such traumas made Palestinians susceptible to developing trauma-related symptoms or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as it has been recognized that exposure to war-related traumas will increase chances of developing PTSD, especially when someone experiences the loss of a family member, which is a common occurrence in Palestine (El-Khodary et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a context-specific trauma scale among a Palestinian adult population living amidst military violence

Mahamid,

Veronese,

Bdier

2023

Camb. prisms Glob. ment. health

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The current study aimed to develop a context-specific trauma scale in the Palestinian context. The sample of our study consisted of 490 Palestinian adults – 230 males and 260 females. Our scale ended up with 32 items to measure traumatic symptoms in the Palestinian context. Results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a stable construct of a five-factor structure of the Palestinian specific-context trauma: (1) re-experiencing trauma, (2) avoidance and numbing, (3) hyperarousal, (4) somatic symptoms and (5) psychological symptoms. Reliability of the scale was further established by assessing the test–retest and internal consistency of all subscales. Convergent validity for the context-specific trauma scale was conducted by testing the association between the scale and two existing measures – the WHOQOL-BREF and the Impact of the Event Scale (IES-R). We recommend using our scale in empirical studies incorporating spoken or written disclosure about traumatic experiences. The scale should also be considered when working with clinical and non-clinical groups who have experienced politics-related trauma.

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Relationship between Trauma due to Winter Storm Alexa, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Other Mental Health Problems of Palestinian Children in Gaza Strip

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The Relationship between War Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents in the Gaza Strip

The Relationship between War Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents in the Gaza Strip

Four Years After the 2014 War Against Gaza Strip, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among People Who were Forced to Leave their Homes During the War: A Cross-Sectional Study

Development of a context-specific trauma scale among a Palestinian adult population living amidst military violence

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