Relationship between type 1/type 2 immune responses and occurrence of vertical transmission in BALB/c mice infected with Neospora caninum

Kano, Rika; Masukata, Y.; Omata, Yoshitaka; Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu; Maeda, Ryuichiro; Saito, Atsushi

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.01.004

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Interestingly, the immune response following re-infection was characterized by lower production of IFN-γ and a greater population of IL-4 producing CD4 + cells, which means that the spleen CD4 + cells of the progesterone prescribed mice showed a bias toward the type 2 immune response. These results are consistent with the previous finding that the infected mice during pregnancy keep down-regulating type 1 cytokine production, resulting in a high rate of vertical transmission [3]. We were unable to clarify the precise mechanism for the bias in the present study, but one possibility is that the bias toward the type 2 immune response in the infected mice during pregnancy may be mediated by progesterone.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…In our own research, we observed a high frequency of vertical transmission in BALB/c mice infected with N. caninum when the mice had been infected during pregnancy and then re-bred in the chronic stage of the infection [12]. It has also been reported that the mice infected during pregnancy retained a bias toward type 2 immune response in the recrudescence of the infection [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

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C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Neospora caninum During Administration of Progesterone Show Bias Toward Type 2 Immune Response

Kano

Kudo

Kamiya

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To clarify the role of progesterone in the development of immune responses during pregnancy against Neospora caninum infection, C57BL/6 mice were given a progesterone pellet, and measured on Interferon-γ and interleukin-4 production following the infection. IFN-γ production in the prescribed group was significantly lower than that in the intact group on day 40 post administration. IL-4 producing cell population in the prescribed group was larger than that in the intact group. These results suggest that progesterone may alter the balance of cytokine production, and that the bias toward type 2 immune response may remain for a certain period after the infection. KEY WORDS: immune responses, Neospora caninum, progesterone.

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confidence: 85%

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confidence: 82%

C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Neospora caninum During Administration of Progesterone Show Bias Toward Type 2 Immune Response

Kano

Kudo

Kamiya

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…To date, most experimental mouse models of N. caninum infection have been developed to study vertical transmission, foetal mortality and the systemic immune response (Cole et al 1995;Long and Baszler 1996;Liddell et al 1999;Quinn et al 2002bQuinn et al , 2004Omata et al 2004;Kano et al 2005;Lopez-Pérez et al 2006). Despite the importance of transplacental transmission, few studies in mice have addressed the possible role of the placenta in the outcome of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and immunological findings in placentas from pregnant BALB/c mice infected with Neospora caninum at early and late stages of gestation

López-Pérez

Collantes-Fernández

Rojo-Montejo

et al. 2011

Acta Parasitologica

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Neospora caninum is transmitted from a cow to its foetus by vertical transmission and the timing of infection in gestation is an important factor in determining the disease outcome. Few studies have explored the role of the placenta in the outcome of N. caninum infection during pregnancy. Here, we described the N. caninum presence, parasite load, local immune response, and histopathological lesions at the materno-foetal interface after infection of BALB/c mice at early and late stages of gestation. In mice infected at early gestation, N. caninum DNA was detected in foetoplacentary units 7 days post-infection (PI) and in the placenta, but not in viable foetuses on day 14 PI, indicating that the parasite was multiplying primarily in the placental tissues without reaching the foetus. Moreover, parasite DNA was detected in resorptions, suggesting that foetal death could be a consequence of infection. An increase in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 expression was observed in N. caninum PCR-positive placentas, which could favour N. caninum foetal transmission and be harmful to both the placenta and the foetus. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis affecting both the maternal and foetal sides of the placenta. At late gestation, transmission occurred rapidly following infection (day 3 PI), but parasite were rarely found. In addition, an increase in cytokine expression was observed in spleen and placental tissues from infected animals, while a downregulation in IL-4 expression was only observed in the spleen. Finally, necrosis in the placenta was limited to the maternal side, suggesting that the parasite is mainly multiplying in the placental tissue at this stage. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that the placenta may be actively involved in N. caninum pathogenesis.

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“…A type 1 T-helper-cell (TH1) response was found to protect against natural (27) and experimental N. caninum infections (22). During pregnancy, a shift of the immune response toward a TH2 response was described for mice (24,25). In contrast, experimental infection of cattle with N. caninum early in gestation and also late in gestation results in profound activation of T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Involved in Defense againstNeospora caninumin Human and Bovine Cells

et al. 2009

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Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii. In nature this parasite is found especially in dogs and cattle, but it may also infect other livestock. The growth of N. caninum, which is an obligate intracellular parasite, is controlled mainly by the cell-mediated immune response. During infection the cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-␥) plays a prominent role in regulating the growth of N. caninum in natural and experimental disease. The present study showed that induction of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is responsible for the inhibition of parasite growth that is mediated by IFN-␥-activated bovine fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This antiparasite effect could be abrogated by addition of tryptophan, as well as by the IDO-specific inhibitor 1-L-methyltryptophan. In conclusion, our data show that human and bovine cells use the same effector mechanism to control the growth of N. caninum.

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Relationship between type 1/type 2 immune responses and occurrence of vertical transmission in BALB/c mice infected with Neospora caninum

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Neospora caninum During Administration of Progesterone Show Bias Toward Type 2 Immune Response

C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Neospora caninum During Administration of Progesterone Show Bias Toward Type 2 Immune Response

Pathological and immunological findings in placentas from pregnant BALB/c mice infected with Neospora caninum at early and late stages of gestation

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Involved in Defense againstNeospora caninumin Human and Bovine Cells

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