Relationship between vitamin D status and the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy

Jefferson, Kimberly K.; Parikh, Hardik I.; Garcia, Erin M.; Edwards, D.J.; Serrano, Myrna G.; Hewison, Martin; Shary, Judith; Powell, Ann‐Marie; Hollis, Bruce W.; Fettweis, Jennifer M.; Strauss, Jerome F.; Buck, Gregory A.; Wagner, Carol L.

doi:10.1038/s41372-019-0343-8

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Recently, a significant association of Mobiluncus and Sneathia with PTL has been noted by Elovitz et al (52). An interesting correlation between Vitamin D, PTL, and vaginal microbiome has also been reported (83,84). Vitamin D influences the vaginal microbiome by maintaining and strengthening the vaginal epithelium, by inducing expression of LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, and most importantly, by inducing the insulin synthesis and inactivating the glycogen synthase kinase, that subsequently, stimulates the glycogen synthesis.…”

Section: Role Of Microbiota In Adverse Pregnancy Outcomementioning

confidence: 95%

Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnancy: Deciphering the Obscurity

Gupta

Singh

Goyal

2020

Front. Public Health

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Human microbiota plays an indispensable role in physiology, nutrition and most significantly, in imparting immunity. The role of microbiota has remained cryptic for years, until recently meticulous studies revealed the interaction and dynamics of these microbial communities. This diversified state is governed by hormonal, behavioral and physio-chemical changes in the genital tract. Many inclusive studies have revealed "Lactobacillus" to be the most dominant member of vaginal flora in most of the healthy, reproductive age group and pregnant females. A total of five community state types have been described, out of which four are dominated by Lactobacillus while the fifth one by facultative or strict anaerobic species. A variation between species stability and gestational age has also been revealed. Studies have divulged a significant higher stability of vaginal microbiota in early stages of pregnancy and the same increased subsequently. Inter-species and racial variation has shown women belonging to White, Asian, and Caucasian race to harbor more of the anaerobic flora. The vaginal microbiome in pregnancy play a significant role in preterm and spontaneous labor. This Lactobacillus-rich microbiome falls tremendously, becoming more diverse in post-partum period. Apart from these known bacterial communities in human vagina, other microbial communities have also been traced. The major fragment is constituted by vaginal viral virome and very little information exists in relation to vaginal mycobiome. Studies have revealed the abundance of ds DNA viruses in vaginal microbiome, followed by ssDNA, and few unidentified viruses. The eukaryotic viruses detected were very few, with Herpesvirales, and Papillomaviridae being the only pathogenic ones. This flora is transmitted to infants either via maternal gut, vagina or breast milk. Recent studies have given an insight for vaginal microbiome, dissociating the old concept of "healthy" and "diseased." However, more extensive studies are required to study evolution of virome and mycobiome in relation to their association with bacterial communities; to establish and decode full array of vaginal virome under the influence of genotypic and environmental factors, using novel bioinformatic, multi-omic, statistical model, and CRISPR/Cas approaches.

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Section: Role Of Microbiota In Adverse Pregnancy Outcomementioning

confidence: 95%

Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnancy: Deciphering the Obscurity

Gupta

Singh

Goyal

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Preterm delivery is correlated with dysbiosis, lower vaginal levels of L. crispatus and higher levels of other taxa [41,42]. Vitamin D level correlates with the vaginal L. crispatus abundance and could thus prevent pregnancy complications [43]. Following the conclusions of Hickey and colleagues it is surprising that since Döderlein´s initial discovery and antibiotic activity of human associated lactic acid bacteria about 150 years ago, the microbial ecosystem of the human vagina is still not fully understood [23].…”

Section: Human Associated Lactobacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Lactobacillus species in the control of Candida via biotrophic interactions

et al. 2020

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Microbial communities have an important role in health and disease. Candida spp. are ubiquitous commensals and sometimes opportunistic fungal pathogens of humans, colonizing mucosal surfaces of the genital, urinary, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and the oral cavity. They mainly cause local mucosal infections in immune competent individuals. However, in the case of an ineffective immune defense, Candida infections may become a serious threat. Lactobacillus spp. are part of the human microbiome and are natural competitors of Candida in the vaginal environment. Lactic acid, low pH and other secreted metabolites are environmental signals sensed by fungal species present in the microbiome. This review briefly discusses the ternary interaction between host, Lactobacillus species and Candida with regard to fungal infections and the potential antifungal and fungistatic effect of Lactobacillus species. Our understanding of these interactions is incomplete due to the variability of the involved species and isolates and the complexity of the human host.

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“…Our multi-omic data could help target efforts aimed at promoting a healthy reproductive tract microbiota and offering better advices for mothers from pregnancy to recovery, as well as preventing infections from viruses such as HIV and HPV. For example, whether vitamin D supplementation should be considered in African countries to reduce vaginal L. iners or rise L. crispatus , as was tried recently in a pregnant cohort (Jefferson et al, 2019). Gut probiotics such as L. casei , B. longum have been reported to increase vitamin D in ovariectomy-induced mice model of osteoporosis (Montazeri-Najafabady et al, 2018), and our results suggest that there might be counterparts in the female reproductive tract after getting married and pregnant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vagino-cervical microbiome as a woman’s life history

Jie

Liang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells, which are dominated byLactobacilli. Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical samples from 1148 women. Factors such as pregnancy, delivery histories and breast-feeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome. Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut;Lactobacillus crispatus negatively correlated with pregnancy history; potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity, heavy flow, dysmenorrhea, contraceptives were also identified. Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be deduced from the vagino-cervical microbiome. Gut and oral microbiome, plasma vitamins, metals, amino acids and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome. Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact. Highlights:Shotgun sequencing of 1148 vagino-cervical samples reveal subtypes; 1Other omics such as moods and skin features could be predicted by the vagino-cervical 2 bacteria; 3Factors such as delivery mode and breast-feeding associate with the vagino-cervical 4 microbiome; 5With dwindled Lactobacilli, postmenopausal samples are relatively enriched for viruses. 6 7 3 4 vulvovaginal candidiasis (Bradford and Ravel, 2017). The over 90% of human 30 sequences in female reproductive tract samples, in contrast to 1% in feces (Li et al., 31 2018; Methé et al., 2012; Wang and Jia, 2016), has made metagenomic shotgun 32 sequencing more expensive. Most studies of the vaginal microbiota used 16S rRNA 33 gene amplicon sequencing, which lacked a view of the overall microorganism 34 communities including bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi (Byrd et al., 2018), as well 35 as the functional capacity encoded. Besides infection, studies on current sexual activity 36 and the menstrual cycle occurred naturally to the vaginal microbiota field (Gajer et al., 37 2012; Ravel et al., 2010). However, lasting impacts from other potentially important 38 factors such as sexual debut, pregnancy and breast-feeding have not been looked at in 39 a reasonably large cohort. 40 41 As a sizable reservoir of microbes instead of a transient entity, the female reproductive 42 tract microbiota might also reflect conditions in other body sites. It is however not clear 43 whether other omics in circulation or in the intestine cross-talks with the vagino-cervical 44 microbiome. Intersecting with hormones, metabolic and immune functions, we find it 45intriguing to explore the potential link of the vagino-cervical microbiome to the brain and 46 the face. 47 5 data, immune indices, physical fitness test, facial skin imaging, as well as female life 53 history questionnaire, lifestyle questionnaire, and psychological questionnaire (Figure 1). 54Our work pinpoints other metadata or omics that can predict or be predicted from the 55 microbiota in the female reproductive tr...

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Relationship between vitamin D status and the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy

Cited by 48 publications

References 60 publications

Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnancy: Deciphering the Obscurity

Diversity of Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnancy: Deciphering the Obscurity

The role of Lactobacillus species in the control of Candida via biotrophic interactions

The vagino-cervical microbiome as a woman’s life history

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