Relationship between water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition: what do Link NCA nutrition causal analyses say?

Dodos, Jovana; Mattern, Blanche; Lapègue, Jean; Altmann, Matthias; Aissa, Myriam Ait

doi:10.3362/1756-3488.17-00005

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The nutritional benefit of utilizing maternal health service has also been demonstrated by other studies [17,51,69]. Access to such infrastructural services, especially in rural areas, are clear determinants of maternal and child health [70,71]. Our study revealed that better housing and environmental factor index scores are negatively associated with maternal undernutrition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Media exposure increases maternal awareness, and so could positively influence health service utilization, such as antenatal care service [ 72 ], which in turn may increase the mothers’ nutritional knowledge. Poor access to water and sanitation services were shown to exert the burden of water collection for the mother and reduces time for mother-child interaction, endangering nutritional well-being of both the mothers and the children [ 71 , 73 ]. Given that the lactation period is already characterized by higher energy and nutrient requirements of the mother [ 74 – 76 ], the workload to fetch water may further increase energy requirements and enhance the risk of undernutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What factors are associated with maternal undernutrition in eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia? Evidence for nutritional well-being of lactating mothers

et al. 2020

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Background Maternal undernutrition is a pervasive health problem among Ethiopian mothers. This study aims at identifying the level of maternal undernutrition and its associated factors in Kilte Awaleo-Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (KA-HDSS), Tigray region, Ethiopia. Methods Nutritional status of 2260 lactating mothers was evaluated using the mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC). Data from the vital events and verbal autopsy databases were linked to the survey and baseline recensus data to investigate the association of adult mortality from chronic causes of death (CoD) on maternal undernutrition. We employed a generalized log-binomial model to estimate the independent effects of the fitted covariates. Results The overall prevalence of maternal undernutrition based on MUAC < 23 cm was 38% (95% CI: 36.1, 40.1%). Recent occurrence of household morbidity (adjusted prevalence ratio (adjPR) = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.22, 1.81) was associated with increased risk of maternal undernutrition. In addition, there was a 28% higher risk (adjPR = 1.28; 95%CI: 0.98, 1.67) of maternal undernutrition for those mothers who lived in households with history of adult mortality from chronic diseases. Especially, its association with severe maternal undernutrition was strong (adjusted OR = 3.27; 95%CI: 1.48, 7.22). In contrast, good maternal health-seeking practice (adjPR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.77, 0.96) and production of diverse food crops (adjPR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.64, 0.81) were associated with a lower risk of maternal undernutrition. Relative to mothers with low scores of housing and environmental factors index (HAEFI), those with medium and higher scores of HAEFI had 0.81 (adjPR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.95) and 0.82 (adjPR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72, 0.95) times lower risk of maternal undernutrition, respectively. Conclusions Efforts to ameliorate maternal undernutrition need to consider the influence of the rising epidemiology of adult mortality from chronic diseases. Our data clearly indicate the need for channeling the integrated intervention power of nutrition-sensitive development programs with that of nutrition-specific sectoral services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What factors are associated with maternal undernutrition in eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia? Evidence for nutritional well-being of lactating mothers

et al. 2020

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“…The latest census signified that, they have many health issues than the rest of the Indian population and thus they are vulnerable [8]. The underlying causes of ill health of any population may be due to their poverty, malnutrition, lack of education and poor environmental hygiene [9]. WaSH practices of nontribal people in India has been documented by some of the study [10,11,12]; but still there remained a paucity of information from the India's tribal population about this relevant issue.…”

Section: Billionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Sanitation and Hygienic Practices on Nutritional Status of Lodha Women and Children of West Bengal, India

Sabud

Ghosh

Dhar

et al. 2020

IJN

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Aim To assess the sanitation and hygienic practices of women and its effects on the nutritional status of the mother and preschool children of the Lodha tribal community in two districts of West Bengal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during November, 2014 - December, 2018 of 941 Lodha mothers and 1043 of their preschool children in Paschim Medinipur and Jhargram districts. All information was collected by using KAP questionnaire following interview and group discussion. Mother nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index (BMI) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). A child was classified as underweight, stunting and wasting as weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-of -height Z-score below -2 standard deviation of WHO standard. Results This study found 35% of the households used safe drinking water. Almost 97.2% of the mother had the low hand wash score and about 67.1% of them had an average WaSH score. Overall, 41.6% and 1.6% mothers were suffered from undernutrition (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and overweight/obesity (BMI≥25kg/m2). Whereas, 48.9% women were undernourished based on MUAC<22.0cm. Moreover, the overall prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight of preschool children was 31.9%, 62.1% and 61.3%, respectively. The WaSH score of family was significantly associated with child stunted and underweight. Conclusion There is a good association between poor household WaSH practices with child undernutrition and morbidity. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop the comprehensive knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) guidelines in their language to educate them about appropriate water storage, retrieval methods, sanitation and hand washing practices.

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“…Malnutrition results from inadequate food intake and infectious diseases like frequent or persistent diarrhea, pneumonia, measles and malaria [4]. In addition to food insecurity, inappropriate care practices and poor access to health care, an unhealthy environment, including inadequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene are basic determinants of malnutrition [5,6]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50% of under-nutrition around the world is associated with infections caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of water supply, sanitation and hygiene interventions and childhood malnutrition in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study

Ne¹,

Gari²,

Ab³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malnutrition is the widely known nutritional disorder and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries like Ethiopia. About 50% of under-nutrition around the world is associated with infections caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene. However, there are limited available data which associate water supply, sanitation and hygiene practices and childhood malnutrition in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. Therefore, the objective of this study was designed to examine the association of water supply, sanitation and hygiene interventions and childhood malnutrition.Methods: Case-control study design was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019 Kersa and Omo Nada districts of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Randomly 126 cases and 252 controls were selected from the malnourished children and normal children, respectively. A pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the study variables associated with childhood malnutrition and to adjust for confounders. The crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the level of significance and reported for each confounding variable.Results: The results of this study showed that children living with mothers/caregivers lack of formal education were found to have 57% times less likely developed malnourished, compared to those living with mother/caregiver who attended secondary and above (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.26-1.24). The odds of having malnutrition were increased among children who were breastfed after one hour of birth (AOR=2.60; 95% CI: 1.02-6.65) and children who had diarrhea (AOR=9.50; 95% CI: 5.19-17.36).Collecting water from a distance of less than/equal to one kilometer (AOR=2.52; 95% CI: 0.56-11.39), defecating in open pit(AOR=1.33; 95% CI: 0.62-2.83),under-five children open field defecation practices (AOR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.42-3.23) and lack of hand washing at critical times (AOR=2.38; 95% CI: 1.07-5.29) were positively associated with childhood malnutrition. Conclusion: We conclude that improvement in the initiation of breastfeeding within one hour, diarrhea prevention, use of improved latrine and hand washing at critical times is needed to improve the nutritional status of children.

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Relationship between water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition: what do Link NCA nutrition causal analyses say?

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

What factors are associated with maternal undernutrition in eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia? Evidence for nutritional well-being of lactating mothers

What factors are associated with maternal undernutrition in eastern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia? Evidence for nutritional well-being of lactating mothers

Impact of Environmental Sanitation and Hygienic Practices on Nutritional Status of Lodha Women and Children of West Bengal, India

The association of water supply, sanitation and hygiene interventions and childhood malnutrition in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study

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