Relationship of Admission Neutrophil Count to Microvascular Injury, Left Ventricular Dilation, and Long-Term Outcome in Patients Treated With Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Takahashi, Takefumi; Hiasa, Yoshikazu; Ohara, Yoshikazu; Miyazaki, Shôzo; Ogura, Riyo; Suzuki, Naoki; Hosokawa, Shinobu; Kishi, Koichi; Ohtani, Ryuji

doi:10.1253/circj.72.867

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In ischemia and reperfusion in dog protocols, there is a progressive increase in the expression of ICAM-1, associated with the infiltration of neutrophils in the injured myocardium [72]. The elevation of neutrophils in the admission of patients with anterior AMI is associated with microvascular injury and higher incidence of long-term adverse events [73]. Besides neutrophils, there is an accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes, beginning after 5 h of reperfusion [74].…”

Section: Inflammation In Acute Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Vascular Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: Potential of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Prevention of Atherothrombosis

Moreira

Silva

Vieira

et al. 2014

Am J Cardiovasc Drugs

106

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are inflammatory pathologies, involving interleukins (ILs), such as IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and acute phase proteins production, such as for C reactive protein (CRP). The process begins with retention of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidation inside the intima, with the formation of the "foam cells." Toll-like receptors and inflamassomes participate in atherosclerosis formation, as well as in the activation of the complement system. In addition to innate immunity, adaptive immunity is also associated with atherosclerosis through antigen-presenting cells, T and B lymphocytes. AMI also increases the expression of some ILs and promotes macrophage and lymphocyte accumulation. Reperfusion increases the expression of anti-inflammatory ILs (such as IL-10) and generates oxygen free radicals. Although CAD and AMI are inflammatory disorders, the only drugs with anti-inflammatory effect so far widely used in ischemic heart disease are aspirin and statins. Some immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive promising therapies, such as cyclosporine and colchicine, may have benefits in CAD. Methotrexate also has potential cardioprotective anti-inflammatory effects, through increased adenosine levels. The TETHYS trial (The Effects of mETHotrexate Therapy on ST Segment Elevation MYocardial InfarctionS trial) will evaluate low-dose methotrexate in ST elevation AMI. The CIRT (Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial), in turn, will evaluate low-dose methotrexate in patients with a high prevalence of subclinical vascular inflammation. The CANTOS (The Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) will evaluate canakinumab in patients with CAD and persistently elevated CRP. The blockage of other potential targets, such as the IL-6 receptor, CC2 chemokine receptor and CD20, could bring benefits in CAD.

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Section: Inflammation In Acute Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Vascular Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: Potential of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Prevention of Atherothrombosis

Moreira

Silva

Vieira

et al. 2014

Am J Cardiovasc Drugs

106

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“…High neutrophil count correlates with a high incidence of adverse cardiac events in patients with acute MI [115,116]. In mice lacking TIMP2 [38], TIMP3 [85], or TIMP4 [117], myocardial infarction was accompanied by severe inflammation in the infarct and peri-infarct myocardium of mice.…”

Section: Timp Deficiency and Cardiac Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in heart failure

et al. 2011

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Remodeling of the myocardium and the extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in heart failure irrespective of its initial cause. The ECM serves as a scaffold to provide structural support as well as housing a number of cytokines and growth factors. Hence, disruption of the ECM will result in structural instability as well as activation of a number of signaling pathways that could lead to fibrosis, hypertrophy, and apoptosis. The ECM is a dynamic entity that undergoes constant turnover, and the integrity of its network structure is maintained by a balance in the function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In heart disease, levels of MMPs and TIMPs are altered resulting in an imbalance between these two families of proteins. In this review, we will discuss the structure, function, and regulation of TIMPs, their MMP-independent functions, and their role in heart failure. We will review the knowledge that we have gained from clinical studies and animal models on the contribution of TIMPs in the development and progression of heart disease. We will further discuss how ECM molecules and regulatory genes can be used as biomarkers of disease in heart failure patients.

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“…Several invasive methods have been used to measure CFR including Doppler-tip catheter, Doppler-tip guidewire, digital subtraction angiogram, and coronary sinus thermodilution. 5- 7 The measurement of CFR using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has been used as a non-invasive method of measuring CFR since Hozumi et al reported that it was an accurate method that had a correlation coefficient of 0.94 with Doppler guidewire, 8 which was considered as the standard method for measuring CFR. 9- 21 Although the normal and ischemic ranges of CFR have not been determined as yet, CFR >3.0 has been reported as normal while CFR <2.0 have been suggested to be in an ischemic range in patients with significant epicardial coronary artery stenosis.…”

Section: Lee Dh Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronary Flow Reserve Is a Comprehensive Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subjects With Chest Pain and Normal Coronary Angiogram

Lee

Youn

Choi

et al. 2010

Circ J

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Background:The aim of the present study was to analyze the parameters related to baseline coronary flow velocity (CFV) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) using Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and to assess their associations with components of the Framingham risk score (FRS), which estimates 10-year risk of coronary heart disease, in subjects with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram. Methods and Results:A total of 354 individuals (mean age: 55±11 years, M:F ratio =186:168) with angina or angina-like chest pain and a normal coronary arteriogram were enrolled. CFR, using TTE and adenosine or dipyridamole, was measured within 2 weeks after coronary angiogram. The clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and laboratory parameters related to baseline CVF and CFR were analyzed, and CFR was compared with FRS. There was an inverse correlation between baseline CFV and CFR (r=-0.374, P<0.001). On multivariate analysis the fulfilling of left ventricular hypertrophy criteria on electrocardiography was an independent predictor of baseline CFV for the upper 75% quartile (23.2≥cm/s; odds ratio (OR) = 2.840, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.155-6.983, P=0.023). On multivariate analysis hemoglobin A1c level was independently related to a CFR <2.0 (OR = 2.195, 95%CI = 0.920-1.005, P=0.013). CFR had an inverse correlation with FRS (r=-0.222, P<0.001). On multiple regression analysis among the components of the FRS system (FRSS), independent factors related to a CFR <2.0 included age (OR =1.033, 95%CI =1.000-1.067, P=0.041), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level (OR = 0.961, 95%CI = 0.933-0.991, P=0.012) and smoking status (OR = 2.461, 95%CI =1.078-5.618, P=0.033), respectively.Conclusions: CFR can be a comprehensive indicator of cardiovascular risk factors, including parameters of the FRSS, in subjects with chest pain and a normal coronary angiogram. (Circ J 2010; 74: 1405 - 1414

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Relationship of Admission Neutrophil Count to Microvascular Injury, Left Ventricular Dilation, and Long-Term Outcome in Patients Treated With Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Role of Vascular Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: Potential of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Prevention of Atherothrombosis

Role of Vascular Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: Potential of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Prevention of Atherothrombosis

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in heart failure

Coronary Flow Reserve Is a Comprehensive Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subjects With Chest Pain and Normal Coronary Angiogram

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