Relationship of annual flow with Hydrochemical analysis of the Tigris river and Evualation of Water for Drinking and Irrigation Uses

Oleiwi, Alyaa Shakir; Al-Dabbas, Moutaz A.

doi:10.53550/eec.2022.v28i01s.063

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These patterns indicate increased evaporation with an increase in drought periods. Prior to 1984, the Tigris River in Mosul City had an average annual flow of 701 m 3 /s; this flow decreased after 2002 to 596 m 3 /s [9,10]. This point indicates a 55 percent drop in the discharge of the Tigris River [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall Prediction and Runoff Modelling under Climate Change Scenarios for Tigris River from Mosul to Baghdad Cities

Oleiwi¹,

Abed²,

Hasan³

2023

IJDNE

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The study aims to examine the impacts of future climate change on the rainfall quantiles for the main sites of the Tigris River basin, including Mosul, Tikrit, Sammara, and Baghdad. There are two approaches, first: the global climate models ( GCMs): (CMCC-CM2-SR5, CNRM/ESM2-1, EC-Earth3/Veg, MPI-ESM1/2-LR, MRI-ESM2/0, and NorESM2/MM) have been developed to show the future climate change depending on the precipitation data. They were designed along three periods, the reference period (1995-2015), the near-term (2020-2040), and the mid-term (2041-2060). Second, the prediction of the expected Rainfall-Depth (Q) for a return period (2-100 years) based on the rainfall data for 2000-2021 by applying the probability distribution function using the HEC-SSP software. Then, determined the expected Runoff-Depth depending on the results of the predicted probability of Rainfall-Depth for a specific return period and applied the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) model to estimate the CN values of the catchment area from the soil classification according to maps of Land use/cover (LULC) and hydrologic soil grouping (HSGs) generated by the ArcGIS software from the FAO Soils Portal website using Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) and the HEC-HMS. The HEC-RAS program is used to create flood maps by simulating runoff depth for forecasting 100 years. The results of the (GCMs) models found the ensemble precipitation change tends to increase at Mosul and Tikrit sites, while Sammara and Baghdad sites noticed no significant changes for both the near and midterm. The flood map reveals that the expected runoff has covered the urban areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall Prediction and Runoff Modelling under Climate Change Scenarios for Tigris River from Mosul to Baghdad Cities

Oleiwi¹,

Abed²,

Hasan³

2023

IJDNE

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“…In addition to the effect of global climate change, which has affected stream flow and the amount of runoff [1]. This climate change has had an impact on the annual flow of the Tigris the Tiger has an average annual flow of 672 m 3 /s when entering Iraq from 1960 to 1984, a reduction to 596 m 3 /s from 1985 to 2008, and has dropped to 413 m 3 /s over recent years [1] and [2]. In addition, during the last few years, the Iraqi environment, in general, has suffered from the pollution which causes high risks both to the environment itself and to its habitable life forms [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This climate change has had an impact on the annual flow of the Tigris the Tiger has an average annual flow of 672 m 3 /s when entering Iraq from 1960 to 1984, a reduction to 596 m 3 /s from 1985 to 2008, and has dropped to 413 m 3 /s over recent years [1] and [2]. In addition, during the last few years, the Iraqi environment, in general, has suffered from the pollution which causes high risks both to the environment itself and to its habitable life forms [2]. Many challenging factors were associated with climatic condition change, growing global water demand; including the growing population, coupled with increasing consumption rates, enlargement of agriculture, and industrialization [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying HEC-RAS Software to Propose a Dam Site Along the Tigris River Between Mosul and Tikrit, Iraq

Oleiwi,

AlDabbas

2023

QJAS

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Tigris River is an important water body in Iraq for drinking, agricultural, industrial, and livestock uses. The river flows from Turkey to the Iraqi land at Fiesh-khabour district in the northern part of Iraq and flows into Mosul city. Therefore, this study aims to simulate the flow in the Tigris River using the latest version of the HEC-RAS model (v5.0.7). The calibration and verification of the model showed that the final Manning's roughness coefficients (n) of the main channels for the Tigris River were 0.036 and 0.026 for Mosul and Tikrit sites respectively. The Results illustrated a very good agreement between the simulated and measured stages. The Root Mean Square Error RMSE, MAE, and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Criteria NSE, tests were used for calibrating the unsteady state flow model where it served as a comparison of calculated water levels by the model for each of the Manning index values 'n' with the observed water levels as a function. The final Manning's roughness coefficients (n) of the main channels for the Mosul and Tikrit sites were 0.036 and 0.026 respectively. It's suggested to construct of hydraulic structures such as a dam with a reservoir beside this area to operate water stations and electric turbinate's and other projects built next to the river, such as irrigation projects. Recommended using the simulation of the present study in the future to study the effect of constructing a dam in the Tikrit region. In addition, the current simulation can be used in the future to study the TDS, transportation of sediment loads, or pollution along the river.

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“…These climatic changes also affected the yearly discharge of the Tigris River; many water infrastructure projects were implemented in the river basin in Turkey. The annual mean Tigris River discharge was 672 m 3 /s at the Iraqi -Syrian border from 1960 to 1984, decreased to 596 m 3 /s between 1985 and 2008 and became lower to about 413 m 3 /s during the recent years [7] [8] [9] [10]. The TDS is a primary factor in the water quality evaluation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Evaluation of the Tigris River from Kut to Amara sites, Iraq

Al-Sekar

Al-Dabbas

2022

Iraqi Journal of Science

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The Tigris River is one of the longest rivers in Western Asia and runs through heavily populated areas, especially in Kut and Amara Cities, with nearly 8 million inhabitants. Due to the climatic change and altering the upstream hydrological conditions along the Tigris River, its discharge has severely declined in the last decade, combined with the climate change impact. Hence, studying the impact of climate change on the river and decreasing the annual flow is vital to understand their effect on the river water quality between Kut and Amara sites. The data of this study covers annual flow conditions of the Tigris River, the total dissolved solids (TDS), and the main ions on monthly bases for the period 2005-2010 for the two sites: Kut and Amara. These data were used to establish the relationships between water discharge (m3/sec) with total dissolved solids (mg/l) and main cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+) and anions (Cl‾, SO42, HCO3‾). The Climatological data for 1980-2020 show that the annual rainfall values for Kut and Amara sites range between 301-577 mm and 69-200 mm respectively. The annual mean minimum temperature of the Kut ranges between15.7-18.8Co. For Amara, it ranges between 16.6-20.7 Co. It is noticed that the rainfall values of both sites decreased over time, and the temperature is constantly increasing due to the climate change effects over the years. The average annual flow of the Tigris River at Kut site ranged from 13 to 367 m3/sec with an average of 233.2 m3/sec, and for Amara ranged between 22 and 101 m3/sec with an average of 50.2 m3/sec. The mean annual TDS ranged from 466 to 1150 mg/l, with an average mean annual 758.30 mg/l for Kut station. For Amara, it is ranged between 634 and 2075 mg/l with an average of 1168.61 mg/l. The decrease in the Tigris River discharge affects the chemistry. Calcium, magnesium, and sulfate ions in Kut station are dominated. While at Amara, sodium and sulfate ions are dominant. Such variation is related to the decrease in the Tigris River discharge and the effect of the dissolution of ions from the geological outcrops by the action of natural waters. Moreover, the entry of the transported dissolved load, the city’s sewage, and the agricultural lands’ water that flows into the river increase as the transportation distance increase from Kut to Amara.

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Relationship of annual flow with Hydrochemical analysis of the Tigris river and Evualation of Water for Drinking and Irrigation Uses

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Rainfall Prediction and Runoff Modelling under Climate Change Scenarios for Tigris River from Mosul to Baghdad Cities

Rainfall Prediction and Runoff Modelling under Climate Change Scenarios for Tigris River from Mosul to Baghdad Cities

Applying HEC-RAS Software to Propose a Dam Site Along the Tigris River Between Mosul and Tikrit, Iraq

Hydrochemical Evaluation of the Tigris River from Kut to Amara sites, Iraq

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