Relationship of chemical structures of anthraquinones with their effects on the suppression of immune responses

Wang, Bosco Shang; Murdock, K. C.; Lumanglas, Araceli L.; Damiani, Martin; Silva, Jillian; Ruszala-Mallon, Veronica M.; Durr, Frederick E.

doi:10.1016/0192-0561(87)90045-2

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Aloe emodin and other anthraquinone derivatives have been shown to have an immune-suppressive effect by blocking lymphocyte proliferation. [66,67] Emodin also reduced IL-1, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor expression. [66] It was suggested that emodin suppresses both macrophages and lymphocytes.…”

Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Further studies have identified 37 other anthraquinones with the ability to block cytolytic T lymphocyte induction and the ability to prevent antibody production. [67] The effect of concentration and the ratio between anthraquinones were not tested in these studies.…”

Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthraquinones suppress cytolytic T-lymphocytes in favour of suppressor cells. [66,67] Furthermore, anthraquinones decrease cytokine production and IL-2 mRNA expression in activated T lymphocytes, [68] thereby decreasing chemotaxis. More recent studies have demonstrated that the anthraquinone emodin decreases plasma levels of the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α, whilst increasing IL-10 (which itself down-regulates IL-2 and TNF-α cytokine activity).…”

Section: Medicinal Effects Of Aloe Vera Requiring Multiple Phytochemimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problems of Reproducibility and Efficacy of Bioassays Using Crude Extracts, with reference to Aloe vera

Cock¹

2011

Phcog Commn.

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Aloe vera has a long history of medicinal usage and its biological activities have been well documented in a variety of bioassays. However, isolated Aloe vera leaf components generally do not display the same bioactivities, or have lower efficacies than crude juice/extracts. It is likely that several components work in a synergistic manner in the crude mixture, resulting in increased bioactivities. Furthermore, different laboratories often report varying bioactivities using the same extraction procedure on plant material from the same species. Individual Aloe vera cultivars may have widely varying levels of the bioactive phytochemicals. Due to the structure and chemical nature of many of the Aloe vera phytochemicals, it is likely that many of its reported medicinal properties are due to anti-oxidant or pro-oxidant effects. The anti-oxidant/prooxidant activities of many of Aloe vera's phytochemicals is dependent not only on their individual levels, but also on the ratios of various components, and on their individual redox states. Therefore, discrepancies between bioactivity studies are likely when using different crude mixtures. The potential differences between these crude mixtures need to be taken into account when analysing the reproducibility and efficacy of bioassays of crude extracts.

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Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Medicinal Effects Of Aloe Vera Requiring Multiple Phytochemimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Problems of Reproducibility and Efficacy of Bioassays Using Crude Extracts, with reference to Aloe vera

Cock¹

2011

Phcog Commn.

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show abstract

“…Aloe emodin and other anthraquinone derivatives have an immunosuppressant effect by blocking lymphocyte proliferation (Huang et al 1992;Wang et al 1987). Aloe emodin also reduced IL-1, IL-2 and IL-2 receptor expression (Huang et al 1992).…”

Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that aloe emodin suppresses both macrophages and lymphocytes. Further studies have identified 37 other anthraquinones with the ability to block the induction of cytolytic T lymphocytes and the to prevent antibody production (Wang et al 1987). The effect of concentration and the ratio between anthraquinones were not examined in these studies.…”

Section: Immunomodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Natural Products: Therapeutic Effects in Pain, Arthritis and Gastro-intestinal Diseases

2015

Progress in Drug Research

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Synthetic immunomodulating agents

Georgiev¹

1990

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Relationship of chemical structures of anthraquinones with their effects on the suppression of immune responses

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Problems of Reproducibility and Efficacy of Bioassays Using Crude Extracts, with reference to Aloe vera

Problems of Reproducibility and Efficacy of Bioassays Using Crude Extracts, with reference to Aloe vera

Novel Natural Products: Therapeutic Effects in Pain, Arthritis and Gastro-intestinal Diseases

Synthetic immunomodulating agents

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