Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to the Severity of Coronary and Thoracic Aortic Atherosclerosis

Inoue, Takato; Oku, Keiko; Kimoto, Kazuyuki; Takao, Makiko; Nomoto, Junko; Handa, Koichi; Kono, Suminori; Arakawa, Kikuo

doi:10.1159/000176904

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…17 These studies suggest that each risk factor may not affect aortic wall thickness homogeneously. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Increasing age and hyperlipidemia are associated with a more significant thickening of the descending TA; however, there is no significant association between TA IMT and other risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking) in our study. Our results are somewhat different from those in previous reports regarding aortic wall thickness and the involvement of risk factors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Our results are somewhat different from those in previous reports regarding aortic wall thickness and the involvement of risk factors. 10,[15][16][17] While the population in our study consisted of 85 patients with significant CAD, the population in previous studies 10,[15][16][17] had no significant CAD. This, in addition to the racial difference, may explain the different results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…13,14 Aortic wall thickness or atherosclerosis expressed as average sclerotic length and average sclerotic area was associated with increasing age, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and diabetes mellitus, while age and hypertension were associated with aortic wall stiffness. 10,15,16 Furthermore, atherosclerosis of the descending TA could be improved with cholesterol-lowering therapy in familial hypercholesterolemia. 17 These studies suggest that each risk factor may not affect aortic wall thickness homogeneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of the intima‐media thickness of the thoracic aorta in patients with coronary atherosclerosis

Bae

Bassenge

Park

et al. 2003

Clinical Cardiology

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SummaryBackground: The prevalence and clinical significance of atherosclerotic aortic disease have now been documented in a variety of patient populations by use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). There are many reports that atherosclerotic aortic plaques detected by TEE are a marker for coronary artery disease (CAD).Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to evaluate the significance of the intima-media thickness (IMT) and formation of atherosclerotic plaques of the thoracic aorta (TA) in patients with CAD, especially in terms of a correlation between the IMT of the TA and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods: The IMT of the TA was measured using TEE. The study population comprised 100 patients (68 men, mean age 59 years). The extent of coronary atherosclerosis was divided into four groups (0, 1, 2, 3) according to the number of coronary arteries narrowed ≥ 50%.Results: There was no significant difference in the IMT of the ascending TA according to the presence of significant (> 50% narrowed) coronary stenosis, but there was a significant difference in the IMT of the descending TA (1.39 vs. 1.88 mm, p = 0.005). There was a significant correlation between the extent of coronary atherosclerosis and the IMT of the ascending and descending TA (r = 0.24, p < 0.05; r = 0.352, p < 0.001, respectively). The plaques in the TA were seen in 7, 41, 52, and 65% of patients in Groups 0, 1, 2, and 3, respec-

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of the intima‐media thickness of the thoracic aorta in patients with coronary atherosclerosis

Bae

Bassenge

Park

et al. 2003

Clinical Cardiology

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“…In the general population aged 45 years or older, 25.6% of the subjects had atherosclerosis in the aortic arch. 6 It has been reported that factors associated with ACL include age, 1,7 cigarette smoking, 1,8,9 hypertension, 10 diabetes mellitus 11 and coronary artery disease. 12,13 Less invasive methods have recently been developed to examine systemic atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of aortic complicated lesions in stroke patients

et al. 2009

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Aortic complicated lesions (ACLs) should be associated with cerebral infarction. Our aim was to develop a simple clinical scale (ACL scale) to predict the presence of ACL. Consecutive stroke patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) examination were prospectively enrolled. We defined ACL as the presence of 44 mm wall thickness, ulceration or mobile plaque in aortic arch. We also examined carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV). We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with ACL (ACL group) and without ACL (non-ACL group), and devised a new ACL scale to predict the presence of ACL. In all, 165 patients (male 108, age 66.9 years) were enrolled and of these, 38% had ACL. The patients of the ACL group were older than those of the non-ACL group (73.0±10.2 vs. 63.1±13.6 years, P¼0.001). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was more frequent in the ACL group (18 vs. 4%, P¼0.004). IMT was thicker in ACL group than in the non-ACL group (1.29 ± 0.74 vs. 1.11 ± 0.79 mm, P¼0.002), and baPWV was higher in the ACL group (2164.2 ± 643.2 vs. 1833.7 ± 492.9 cm s À1 , P¼0.001). We used three variables for determining the ACL scale score; (1) age 470, (2) presence of PAD and (3) smoking. The frequencies of ACL associated with ACL scale scores were as follows: 6% of patients with ACL scale score 0, 40% with score 1, 58% with score 2 and 100% with score 3. The ACL scale can predict the presence of aortic complicated lesions.

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“…Age is a wellknown predictor of the development of atherosclerosis on the whole [18][19][20] and aortic atherosclerosis in part [21][22][23][24] . There are also some data in the literature showing that smoking is independently connected with both the development and progression of aortic atherosclerosis [25][26][27][28] . According to our data, there is no correlation between other routine vascular risk factors and aortic atheromas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aortic Atheromas in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Northern Israel

Telman

Kouperberg

Sprecher

et al. 2012

JAT

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Aim: There are currently no data on ethnic differences in aortic atherosclerosis in Arab and Jewish patients from northern Israel with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Data on demographic and risk factors alongside transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) data and treatment details for 509 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in the study. Results:The patients with aortic atheromas were older and had significantly more frequent vascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking), as well as vascular disease (ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and carotid plaques). They were also treated with statins more often than those without aortic atheroma. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking, ethnicity, and the presence of carotid plaques were independent predictors for aortic atheromas. Aortic plaques were found more frequently in Jewish patients than Arab patients (160 (41.9%) vs. 35 (27.3%); p 0.003). This finding did not change after adjustment for age, sex, all vascular risk factors, and type of antithrombotic treatment. We did not find any difference between Arab and Jewish patients in the distribution of plaques by location or complexity before and after adjustment for age, sex, all vascular risk factors, or type of antithrombotic or lipid-lowering treatment. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the influence of ethnicity on the prevalence of aortic atheromas in acute ischemic stroke patients in northern Israel. The search for genetic, cultural, socioeconomic, and other factors explaining these ethnic differences should be the topic of future studies.

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Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to the Severity of Coronary and Thoracic Aortic Atherosclerosis

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Significance of the intima‐media thickness of the thoracic aorta in patients with coronary atherosclerosis

Significance of the intima‐media thickness of the thoracic aorta in patients with coronary atherosclerosis

Predictors of aortic complicated lesions in stroke patients

Aortic Atheromas in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Northern Israel

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