Relationship of Dimethylglycine, Choline, and Betaine with Oxoproline in Plasma of Pregnant Women and Their Newborn Infants ,

Friesen, Russell; Novak, Elizabeth M.; Hasman, David; Innis, Sheila M.

doi:10.1093/jn/137.12.2641

Cited by 120 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Timing of maternal samples differed from 16 wk of GA to delivery. Maternal choline, betaine, and DMG concentrations described in the literature are comparable with our results (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).Several studies concerning umbilical choline concentrations have been performed (8,15,(20)(21)(22)(23). They are small (8,20,22,23), did not involve maternal and umbilical data (8), or did not evaluate the possible association between birth weight and choline concentrations (8,15,(21)(22)(23).…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Choline and betaine have been shown to have divergent associations with BMI in adults; by contrast, they have a similar direction of association in our study. Maternal choline concentrations during pregnancy varying between 7.3 and 16.5 µmol/l have been reported by several authors (8,14,15,18,(20)(21)(22). Timing of maternal samples differed from 16 wk of GA to delivery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Several studies concerning umbilical choline concentrations have been performed (8,15,(20)(21)(22)(23). They are small (8,20,22,23), did not involve maternal and umbilical data (8), or did not evaluate the possible association between birth weight and choline concentrations (8,15,(21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are small (8,20,22,23), did not involve maternal and umbilical data (8), or did not evaluate the possible association between birth weight and choline concentrations (8,15,(21)(22)(23). UC plasma choline concentrations have been described between ~25 and 40 µmol/l (8,14,15,20,22,23), The coefficients presented give the change in birth weight (grams) for the several variables.…”

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

et al. 2013

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Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the newborn and risk of chronic disease in adulthood. Choline plays an essential role in the integrity of cell membranes, methylation reactions, and memory development. We examined whether choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine (DMG) concentrations were associated with LBW in Dutch women. Methods: Blood was sampled from umbilical cords (UCs) at delivery in singleton pregnancies (n = 1,126). Maternal blood was sampled at 30-34 wk of gestational age (GA) (n = 366). We calculated birth weights standardized for GA and defined LBW as standardized birth weight ≤2,500 g. results: Maternal concentrations were lower as compared with UC concentrations and were not associated with birth weight. UC choline and betaine were inversely associated with birth weight (β = −60 (−89, −31) and β = −65 (−94, −36), respectively), whereas UC DMG was positively associated with birth weight (β = 35 (6.1, 63)). Odds ratios for LBW were 4.12 (1.15, 14.78), 5.68 (1.24, 25.91), and 0.48 (0.09, 2.65) for the highest UC choline, betaine, and DMG quartiles, respectively, as compared with the lowest quartiles. conclusion: We observed an increased risk of LBW with increased umbilical choline and betaine in venous UC blood. These results might reflect a change in choline consumption or metabolism or a disturbed placental function. l ow birth weight (LBW) poses the newborn an increased risk of morbidity and mortality (1). LBW also relates to an increased risk of chronic disease in adulthood, e.g., hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes (2), underlining the importance of revealing possible and moreover treatable risk factors for LBW.Choline is an essential nutrient and is involved in several metabolic processes including lipid metabolism, methylation reactions, and synthesis of acetylcholine. It also plays a role in the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes, brain development, and neurotransmission (Figure 1) (3,4).Pregnancy places a heavy burden on maternal choline stores, and choline is critical for the rapidly growing fetus (5,6).In utero, the fetus lives in a high-choline environment because of a system actively transporting choline against a concentration gradient across the placenta to the fetus (7,8). Variation in maternal choline status could possibly influence fetal outcome through disturbances in cell membrane synthesis, increase in homocysteine concentrations, and/or perturbation of methylation reactions and changes in acetylcholine production. Choline also influences stem cell proliferation, apoptosis in the brain, and the developing hippocampus (memory center) in rodents (9). Maternal choline supplementation in rats during critical periods in pregnancy causes lifelong changes in brain structure (10). In addition, perinatal choline supplementation attenuates behavioral alterations associated with fetal or neonatal alcohol exposure in rats (11).Clinically, low maternal choline concentrations or intake rel...

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supporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Umbilical Choline and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

et al. 2013

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“…A less known substance is N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), which -similar to choline and betaine -is related to glycine metabolism (Figure 1). DMG can act as a methyl donor (Friesen et al, 2007) similar to betaine and, additionally, has anti-oxidative properties (Hariganesh and Prathiba, 2000). As methyl donation capacity (Jin et al, 2007) and anti-oxidative action (Lai, 2008) are both associated with increased insulin sensitivity, DMG can possibly influence insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation in parturition feed for sows on metabolism, nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance

Cools

Maes

Buyse

et al. 2010

Animal

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The current pilot study assessed the influence of N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) on insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism, nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance of sows in the peripartal period. At day 105 of gestation, 25 sows were randomly assigned to the control (n 5 13) or the DMG group (n 5 12). Sows from the DMG group were supplemented with 1 g DMG/kg feed until day 3 of lactation. After an overnight fast 1 day after farrowing, a blood sample of each sow was drawn. The plasma was analyzed for insulin, glucose, fructosamine, leptin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides (TG) and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. A rectal feces sample was collected and the apparent fecal digestibility (AFD) of crude fat (CFAT), crude protein (CP) and nitrogenfree extract (NFE) was calculated after proximate analyses. Finally, a colostrum sample was collected from each sow and analyzed for the presence of DMG. Reproductive performance parameters were recorded. The results showed an improvement in the AFD of CFAT, CP and NFE when DMG was supplemented. This beneficial effect confirms the hypothesis that DMG acts as an emulsifying agent. The improvement in digestibility in the DMG group was accompanied by a numerical increase in plasma TG (P 5 0.067). Plasma NEFA concentrations were not different between treatment groups. DMG supplementation neither affected glucose clearance nor influenced plasma insulin, glucose, fructosamine or leptin levels. TBARS and FRAP also remained unaffected, despite previously reported anti-oxidative properties of DMG. Furthermore, no significant impact on reproductive performance could be recorded. In conclusion, DMG supplementation significantly improved nutrient digestibility. Possible beneficial effects on energy metabolism and reproductive performance of sows should be tested when DMG is supplemented for a longer period of time or at a higher dose.Keywords: sow, N,N-dimethylglycine, nutrient digestibility, glucose metabolism, reproduction ImplicationsThe supplementation of N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) in parturition feed of sows has an emulsifying effect. This resulted in improvements in not only fat digestibility, but also the digestibility of the protein and the nitrogen-free dietary fraction. However, measures of reproductive performance were not affected by DMG supplementation. The addition of this supplement to gestation and lactation feed should be investigated. Supplementation of DMG over a longer period of time can possibly be beneficial in terms of sow body condition and reproductive performance of sows.

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Pharmacometabolomics

Chalikiopoulou¹,

Patrinos²,

Κάτσιλα³

2019

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Decision‐making remains challenging in nearly all aspects of health and disease, despite the tremendous information growth and technological advances we enjoy. Decisions made should be better‐informed and cost‐effective, resulting from reliable contextual data interpretation that encapsulates the heterogeneity of living systems. Pharmacometabolomics serves as a holistic and often, big‐data tool to predict the outcome of a xenobiotic intervention in an individual on the basis of a mathematical model that is built on preintervention metabotypes. Such metabolic phenotypes are the net result of the interplay between the genome and the environment, capturing fully interindividual variability. Being an omics approach itself, pharmacometabolomics may also synergize with other omics to empower tailored‐made theranostics and optimise patient stratification and disease management. As a paradigm, cardiovascular diseases grasp such a momentum for pharmacometabolomics. Key Concepts Decision‐making is of fundamental importance in every aspect of our lives, including both health and disease states. Precision medicine holds promise for optimum patient stratification and tailored‐made theranostics. Pharmacometabolomics is based on individual metabotypes (metabolic phenotypes) prior to a xenobiotic intervention to predict its outcome via mathematical modelling. Metabotypes map interindividual variability, shedding light into the interplay of the genome with the environment. Pharmacometabolomics may be coupled to other omics (pharmacogenomics, transcriptomics, etc.) empowering data reliability. Cardiovascular diseases share a multifactorial pathophysiology in which both genomics and environmental influences play a key role. It remains challenging to predict who will suffer from a cardiovascular disease, who will respond to therapeutic interventions and/or who will experience one or more cardiovascular events.

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Relationship of Dimethylglycine, Choline, and Betaine with Oxoproline in Plasma of Pregnant Women and Their Newborn Infants ,

Cited by 120 publications

References 46 publications

Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight

Effect of N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation in parturition feed for sows on metabolism, nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance

Pharmacometabolomics

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