Relationship of Flowering Intensity and Cropping in Fruit Species

Stover, Ed

doi:10.21273/horttech.10.4.729

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In all experiments the covariate, fl ower density, was generally signifi cant in cluster set, fruit per cluster number, fruit size and yield. These results imply greater competition for resources between developing fruit as the fl ower density increases, right from the fi rst stages of development, as commonly known and widely reported in previous research (Dennis, 1986;Knight, 1980;Miranda and Royo, 2004;Stover, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Removal of the Most Developed Flowers Influences Fruit Set, Quality, and Yield of Apple Clusters

Jiménez¹,

Santesteban²,

Royo³

2005

HortSci

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The apical or king (K) flower in the apple (Malus ×domestica L. Borkh.) cluster usually develops and blooms first and also has a greater sink potential. For this reason, resources are primarily used by the K fruit, and this is also one of the reasons why most thinning practices tend to favor K fruit set. However, it is not always possible to retain the K flower and remove the lateral ones. This study was undertaken to determine if the removal of the most developed flowers in the cluster influences yield or quality compared to that obtained in a whole cluster. The treatments were made in `Golden Delicious' and `Royal Gala' apple cultivars, within a wide range of flower densities for each cultivar. The factor tested was the intensity of flower removal (FRI); the treatments consisted in removing one, two, or three flowers in each cluster. Flower density was used as a covariate in an analysis of covariance to account for differences in flower densities in response to FRI treatments. In all experiments the covariate was not significant; therefore FRI effect was not affected by flower density. `Golden Delicious' and `Royal Gala' had similar responses to flower removal, so that when at least three flowers in a cluster remained, fruit set and cluster yield were similar to whole clusters. Only when two or fewer poorly developed flowers remained after FRI treatments, yield was reduced by as much as 25%. Fruit from FRI clusters were even heavier than those from whole clusters, due to reduced competition among the fruit, so that the growth potential of fruit from the first and second lateral flowers was similar to clusters with K fruit, in clusters where the K flower had been removed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Removal of the Most Developed Flowers Influences Fruit Set, Quality, and Yield of Apple Clusters

Jiménez¹,

Santesteban²,

Royo³

2005

HortSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Flower density (FD) had the greatest infl uence and a positive effect in explaining fruit clusters per TCA, which is supported by previous research (Dennis et al, 1996, Knight, 1980Stover, 2000). Similar results were obtained by Miranda and Royo (2003b) in peach, were the bud load per TCA, expressed as the length of productive shoots per TCA due to the growing patterns of peach trees, also was the most infl uential parameter and had a positive effect to explain crop density.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Statistical Model Estimates Potential Yields in `Golden Delicious' and `Royal Gala' Apples before Bloom

Jiménez¹,

Díaz²

2004

jashs

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Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During the years 1998 and 1999 and in 62 commercial plots of `Golden Delicious' and `Royal Gala' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.), the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), space allocated per tree (ST, m2) trunk cross-sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), flower density (FD, number of flower buds/cm2 TCA), flower density per land area (FA, number of flower buds/m2 land area), cluster set (CS, number of fruit clusters/number of flower clusters, percent), crop density (CD, number of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit clusters per trunk cross-sectional area (FCT, number of fruit clusters/cm2 TCA), fruit clusters per land area (FCA, number of fruit clusters/m2 land area), fruit number per cluster (FNC), average fruit weight (FW, g), average yield per fruit cluster (CY, g), yield efficiency (YE, fruit g·cm-2 TCA), and tree yield (Y, fruit kg/tree). FCT and average CY were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models which provided the best fit were FCT = FD - TCA/ha - FD and CY= -FCA - FCT. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for both years. Predicted yield per land area was obtained by multiplying TCA/ha × FCT × CY. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 64 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of potential yields in apple, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

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“…Flower density per land area (FA) had the greatest infl uence in explaining cluster set, which is supported by previous research (Dennis, 1986, Knight, 1980Royo and Miranda, 2002;Stover, 2000). Fruit set decreases as the fl ower density increases, because competition among fl owers or developing fruit is stronger (Dennis, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Statistical Model Estimates Potential Yields in Pear Cultivars `Blanquilla' and `Conference' before Bloom

Jiménez¹,

Díaz²

2003

jashs

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Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During 1996 and 1997 and in 95 commercial plots of `Blanquilla' and `Conference' pear (Pyrus communis L.), the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), space allocated per tree (ST, m2), trunk cross-sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), flower density (FD, number of flower buds/cm2 TCA), flower density per land area (FA, number of flower buds/m2 land area), cluster set (CS, number of fruit clusters/number of flower clusters, %), crop density (CD, number of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit clusters per trunk cross-sectional area (FCT, number of fruit clusters/cm2 TCA), fruit clusters per land area (FCA, number of fruit clusters/m2 land area), fruit number per cluster (FNC), average fruit weight (FW, g), average yield per fruit cluster (CY, g), yield efficiency (YE, fruit g·cm-2 TCA), and tree yield (Y, fruit kg/tree). CS and average CY were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models that provided the best fit were CS = TCA/ha - FA and CY = -FA - FCT. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for both years. Predicted yield per land area was obtained by multiplying FA × CS × CY. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 46 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of orchards' potential yield efficiency, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

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Relationship of Flowering Intensity and Cropping in Fruit Species

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Removal of the Most Developed Flowers Influences Fruit Set, Quality, and Yield of Apple Clusters

Removal of the Most Developed Flowers Influences Fruit Set, Quality, and Yield of Apple Clusters

Statistical Model Estimates Potential Yields in `Golden Delicious' and `Royal Gala' Apples before Bloom

Statistical Model Estimates Potential Yields in Pear Cultivars `Blanquilla' and `Conference' before Bloom

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