Relationship of foot-and-mouth disease virus plaque size on cell cultures to infectivity for cattle by intramuscular inoculation

Cottral, G. E.; Patty, R. E.; Gailiunas, P; Scott, F. W.

doi:10.1007/bf01250142

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Bovine tongue epithelium containing FMDV, strain A-119, lost very little virus titre during storage for 11 years at -50 °C (25). Frozen semen from an FMD-infected bull maintained its virus titres for 320 days at -50 °0 26 ).…”

Section: Virus Survivalmentioning

confidence: 98%

The epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease: Implications for New Zealand

Sanson

1994

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, highly communicable disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, both domesticated and wild. It may well be the most contagious disease known in the animal kingdom. The key features that contribute to this include its ability to gain entry and initiate infection through a variety of sites, the small infective dose, the short incubation period, the release of virus before the onset of clinical signs, the massive quantities of virus excreted from infected animals, its ability to spread large distances due to airborne dispersal, and the persistence of the virus in the environment. These features, plus the ability of the virus to be disseminated through the movements of animals, animal products, people, and plant and equipment makes the disease very difficult to control. New Zealand has never experienced a foot-and-mouth disease epidemic, and the economic consequences of an outbreak would be disastrous, due to the eradication costs, the loss of productivity and the impact on the export of animals and animal products. The smuggling of meat products, embryos or semen into the country are perceived as the most likely ways in which the disease could be introduced. The New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries therefore operates a two-tier system of defense against foot-and-mouth disease. The first tier involves border protection through stringent import controls to prevent the entry of infectious material. If this barrier is breached, an emergency response programme is activated, involving a stamping-out eradication strategy. This paper attempts to draw on overseas historical outbreak experiences and research findings to gain insights into the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease as it would relate to New Zealand.

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Section: Virus Survivalmentioning

confidence: 98%

The epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease: Implications for New Zealand

Sanson

1994

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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“…Similar observations have also been reported by other workers (9,22) with different viruses and cell systems. Some workers (2,7,8,17) have noticed a reduction in plaque sizes of FMDV recovered from persistent infection of BK cells, and smaller plaque size has been related to reduced virulence (5). In the present study there were no significant variations in plaques produced by the carrier virus as compared to the parent virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Cattle Grade Hereford steers, 18-to 24-months old, were used. Methods of their management have been previously described (4,5). Blood samples for serum were collected from all cattle prior to inoculation.…”

Section: Virus Fmdv A24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier state in cells cultured from tissues of convalescent cattle

Mohanty

Cottral

1971

Archiv f Virusforschung

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SummaryCultures were made from mucosal tissues of the pharynx, esophagus, rumen and tongue of cattle convalescent (7 days) from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection. The persistence of FMD virus in the cell cultures was demonstrated by fluorescent antibody technique and by subcultures in primary swine kidney cells using cytopathic effect and plaque assay techniques.Virus persisted in the cell cultures and was found in the supernatant fluids, in washed and lysed cells, and in cells by fluorescent antibody reaction of the various samples for the number of weeks indicated, respectively: tongue --3, 3, 5; rumen --5, 5, 7; pharynx --25, 25, 24; and esophagus --25, 16 (intermittently), 24. Interferon was not detected in the supernatant fluids of any of the cultures.The virus-laden cultures did not show gross signs of infection, whereas mucosal cultures from similar areas of normal cattle were destroyed in about 28 hours after inoculation with stock virus. Both the infected cultures and noninfected normal cultures deteriorated after 25 to 26 weeks.The can-ier virus isolated at 22 weeks from the esophageal and pharyngeal cultures showed decreased pathogenicity to different primary and cell line kidney cultures and to mice, as compared to the parent virus. The carrier viral isolates were infective for cattle. However, esophageal-pharyngeal (EP) fluids from steers inoculated with the carrier virus isolated from the esophageal culture at 22 weeks contained more virus at 7 and 24 days than the EP fluids from a steer inoculated with the carrier virus isolated from the pharyngeal cell cultures.

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“…The number of mutant molecules, as a percentage of surviving particles, increased about linearly with the time of treatment ( Table 2). The stability of the mutated character was however not here examined, since no definite correlation between plaque size and virulence has been demonstrated for FMDV (2) and proof of plaque stability would not be an adequate proof for persistence of attenuation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%