Relationship of Hydroxamic Acid Content in Corn and Resistance to the Corn Leaf Aphid<sup>1</sup>

Long, B. J.; Dunn, G. M.; Bowman, James S.; Routley, D. G.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700010016x

Cited by 82 publications

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“…Also, there is a correlation between concentration of this metabolite in plant tissues and level of resistance to corn leaf aphid. DIMBOA showed decrease in reproductive potential, increase in mortality and feeding deterrents on aphids (Long et al 1977). Some Phaseolus varieties contain high concentration of glycosides were resistant to a Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestris (Nayar & Frankel 1963).…”

Section: Kinetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biochemical characterization of α- and β-glucosidases in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens M. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2012

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The biochemical properties of α- and β-glucosidase in salivary glands, alimentary canal and haemolymph of Naranga aenescens larvae, one of the most damaging pests of the rice crop in Iran, were investigated. The specific activity of α-glucosidases were 3.88, 2.74 and 1.58 μmol/min per mg protein in the alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of last instar larvae, respectively. The specific activity of β-glucosidases were 1.27, 0.077 and 0.414 μmol/min per mg protein in the alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of last instar larvae, respectively. The optimal pH for α-glucosidases were 6.0, 6.0–8.0 and 6.0 and the maximum activity for β-glucosidases were obtained at pH 6.0, 5.0–7.0 and 5.0 in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph, respectively. The optimum temperatures for β-glucosidases were determined at 55°C in alimentary canal, 35–45°C in salivary glands and 55°C in haemolymph, whereas the α-glucosidases reached their optimum at 45°C in all three tissues. Effect of metal ions on the activity of α- and β-glucosidases showed that K+ (20 mM) and Mg2+ (10 and 20 mM) increased N. aenescens α- and β-glucosidases activities from salivary glands, while Ca2+ increased α- and β-glucosidases activities in haemolymph. In the presence of Fe2+, Mn2+, Hg+ and Zn2+ (10, 20 mM) and Hg2+ (20 mM), these enzymes from all tissues were completely inactivated. K m values were estimated for the α-glucosidases as 3.96, 0.547 and 3.084 mM and for β-glucosidases as 1.93, 1.014 and 1.93 mM in the alimentary canal, salivary gland and haemolymph, respectively. The zymogram analyses of N. aenescens crude extracts indicated the presence of at least two isoforms for α-glucosidase and one isoform for β-glucosidase.

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Section: Kinetic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biochemical characterization of α- and β-glucosidases in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens M. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

et al. 2012

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“…Similarly, when DIMBOA was incubated in our bacterial growth medium before addition of bacterial cells, inhibitory activity also was lost with a half-life of about 5 hr (6 MBOA and the other decomposition products were not sufficiently active to account for the observed inhibition (6). Furthermore, other measurements of the biological effects of DIMBOA have extended over periods as long as 21 days (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Clearly then, the relationship between the stability of DIMBOA and its biological activity needs to be examined.…”

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confidence: 98%

Factors That Influence the Activity of 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one on Erwinia Species in Growth Assays

Woodward

Corcuera²,

Helgeson³

et al. 1978

Plant Physiol.

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Factors affecting the inhibitory activity of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) against Erwimia carotovors, a nonpathogen of Zen mays L., and against a maize pathovar of Erwinia chrysanthemi (ECZ) were examined. Most experiments were performed with DIMBOA dissolved in a bacterial growth medium containing 10 g/liter of sucrose, inorganic salts, and 1 g/liter of casamino acids at pH 6.75. When temperature and pH were held constant, inhibition of E. carotovora varied linearly with the logarithm of the initial cel population. By altering temperatures, assays with constant pH and initial cell populations were performed under conditions of varying DIMBOA stability. When E. carotovors was grown at 24, 28, 32, and 36 C in the presence of 0.1 to 0.5 mM DIMBOA, the inhibition of bacterial growth was maintained long after DIMBOA had decomposed in the medium to levels which, if added initially, would not have been inhibitory. When assays were performed at pH 5.5, the pH of aqueous maize extracts, E. carotovors was more inhibited than at pH 6.75; however, ECZ was substantially less inhibited at the lower pH.The cyclic hydroxamate, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, is the principal component in extracts of corn (Zea mays L.) tissue that is inhibitory to soft rotting Erwinia (1). The nature of the inhibition of bacterial growth caused by DIM-BOA5 is a prolongation of lag phase, with no substantial effect on log phase growth rate (1). DIMBOA is unstable in our bioassay medium and decomposes to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and other uncharacterized compounds (6). The half-life of DIMBOA (5.3 hr at 28 C, pH 6.75) is substantially less than the duration of inhibition at initial DIMBOA concentrations greater than 0.2 to 0.3 mM (1, 6). Similarly, when DIMBOA was incubated in our bacterial growth medium before addition of bacterial cells, inhibitory activity also was lost with a half-life of about 5 hr (6). MBOA and the other decomposition products were not sufficiently active to account for the observed inhibition (6). Furthermore, other measurements of the biological effects of DIMBOA have extended over periods as long as 21 days (1-5). Clearly then, the relationship between the stability of DIMBOA and its biological activity needs to be examined. In this paper, we present results of tests with variation in pH, incubation temperature, and cell populations. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial isolates used in this study were Erwinia carotovora (EC, SR-53) and Erwinia chrysanthemi pathovar zeae (ECZ, SR-120) (see Table I in ref. 1). The former is nonpathogenic on corn, whereas the latter causes a bacterial stalk rot of corn. The bacterial growth assay medium and activity assays were as previously described (1) and inhibition was measured as A lag or relative inhibition (RI) as illustrated in Figure 2 of that reference.DIMBOA (prepared as in ref. 6) was dissolved in the medium by shaking at room temperature for a few min. Solutions were then fiter-sterilized (pore size 0.2 ,um, Syb...

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“…The benzoxazolinones are biologically active and stable in aqueous solution. They can be allelopathic and protect against herbivory, fungal, and bacterial infection (4,12,26,28,45). Several species within the Poaceae, including wheat, rye, maize, teosinte, and some wild barley species, produce benzoxazinoids (34,38).…”

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Host-Synthesized Secondary Compounds Influence the In Vitro Interactions between Fungal Endophytes of Maize

Saunders

Kohn

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Maize produces a suite of allelopathic secondary metabolites, the benzoxazinoids. 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one and 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one reside as glucosides in plant tissue and spontaneously degrade to 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA) upon plant cell disruption. Several maize-associated fungi in the genus Fusarium can metabolize MBOA and BOA. BOA tolerance levels in 10 species of Fusarium and in the maize endophytes Nigrospora oryzae, Acremonium zeae, and Periconia macrospinosa were characterized. BOA tolerance ranged from 0.25 to 1.10 mg/ml among species. The influence of substrate alteration by one species on the subsequent growth of another species was assessed in the presence and absence of BOA. The colony area of the secondary colonizer in heterospecific interactions was compared to that in autospecific interactions (one isolate follows itself). In the presence of BOA, four of six secondary colonizers had greater growth (facilitation) when primary colonizers had higher BOA tolerance than the secondary colonizer. When the primary colonizer had lower tolerance than the secondary, three of six secondary colonizers were inhibited (competition) and three not significantly affected. In BOA-free medium, the number of isolates that were facilitated or inhibited was the same regardless of the tolerance level of the primary colonizer. Two of six secondary colonizers were facilitated, two inhibited, and two not significantly affected. This study provides some support for facilitation in stressful conditions under the Menge-Sutherland model. The results are not consistent with the corresponding prediction of competition in the absence of stress. The hypothesis drawn from these data is that in the presence of a toxin, fungal species that detoxify their substrate can enhance the colonization rate of less tolerant fungi.

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Relationship of Hydroxamic Acid Content in Corn and Resistance to the Corn Leaf Aphid¹

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical characterization of α- and β-glucosidases in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens M. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Biochemical characterization of α- and β-glucosidases in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens M. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Factors That Influence the Activity of 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one on Erwinia Species in Growth Assays

Host-Synthesized Secondary Compounds Influence the In Vitro Interactions between Fungal Endophytes of Maize

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Relationship of Hydroxamic Acid Content in Corn and Resistance to the Corn Leaf Aphid1

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical characterization of α- and β-glucosidases in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens M. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Biochemical characterization of α- and β-glucosidases in alimentary canal, salivary glands and haemolymph of the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens M. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Factors That Influence the Activity of 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one on Erwinia Species in Growth Assays

Host-Synthesized Secondary Compounds Influence the In Vitro Interactions between Fungal Endophytes of Maize

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Relationship of Hydroxamic Acid Content in Corn and Resistance to the Corn Leaf Aphid¹