Relationship of late arteriovenous fistula stenosis with soluble E-selectin and soluble EPCR in chronic hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula

Abstract

sE-selectin and the LDL were the most important predictors of late AVF stenosis. In addition, sE-selectin correlated with the degree of AVF stenosis. We suggested that atherosclerosis might be contributing factor for development of late AVF stenosis.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers Associated with Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis

“…The characteristics of the included studies are summarised in Table 1 . Nine of the studies adopted a longitudinal cohort design (8 prospective [ 8 , 10 , 12 – 14 , 17 , 19 , 20 ] and 1 retrospective [ 16 ]), the remaining four were cross-sectional case-control studies [ 9 , 11 , 15 , 18 ]. Of the thirteen studies, only three adjusted their results for the VA risk factors of age and sex [ 10 , 16 , 19 ].…”

“…Using the modified Ottawa-Newcastle tool to assess the risk of bias in the nine cohort studies ( S3 File ) we found one with a very low risk [ 10 ], 3 studies with a low risk [ 8 , 12 , 14 ], 2 studies with a medium risk [ 16 , 17 ] and the final 3 with a high risk of bias [ 13 , 19 , 20 ]. Of the case control studies, 2 were considered low risk [ 9 , 11 ] and 2 were considered medium risk [ 15 , 18 ] of bias ( S4 File ).…”

“…For the purposes of this review, patients with early fistula failure were considered to be the cases as failure occurred closer to the time of blood collection (at time of AVF creation), and patients with late AVF failure were excluded [ 10 ]. Five studies included only patients with a newly formed fistula in anticipation of HD [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 16 ], while the remaining studies included only patients receiving routine HD [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 17 – 20 ]. In all but one study, control patients included in this review had an AVF that was patent for at least 6 months.…”

“…For the purpose of this meta-analysis we initially included all outcomes reported (stenosis, thrombosis and AVF dysfunction arising from unknown complications which led to HD complications) as AVF failure ( Table 1 ). Six studies investigated the association of circulating biomarkers with AVF stenosis or restenosis [ 9 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 ] four studies with AVF thrombosis [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 18 ], two with a mixture of both AVF stenosis and thrombosis [ 10 , 17 ], and one study did not specify the cause of AVF dysfunction [ 14 ]. There was considerable disparity in the timing of blood sample collection relative to AVF failure between studies ( Table 1 ).…”

Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Hemodialysis Plastic Cannula

“…However, the hemodynamics within the blood vessel are also important to maintain a healthy vascular access. The cannulation segment and drainage vein of AVFs are prone to developing intimal hyperplasia (IH), a thickening of the blood vessel wall in response to injury, which can compromise the vascular access . The endothelium can sense changes in wall shear stress (WSS) and adapts to maintain homeostasis.…”