The topic considered here is health for Indian children. By necessity, however, this paper focuses on death and disease patterns of Indian and Alaska Native children. The ages considered are from conception through 14 years. As was necessary in the treatment of this topic in Health and Behavior: Frontiers of Research in the Biobehavioral Sciences by the National Academy of Sciences (Hamburg, Elliott, & Parron, 1982), consideration will be given to some adult behaviors and some broader issues which affect the health of children. While limiting the focus to the youthful ages is difficult, in some ways arbitrary, and not a completely accurate representation of reality, it will hopefully serve a heuristic function. It should be particularly useful for the topic of prevention and will allow the health professional to focus far "upstream" to deal with many problems at the source. As will be evident below, a focus on the young is both needed and particularly appropriate for the American Indian population.