Relationship of objective street quality attributes with youth physical activity: findings from the Healthy Communities Study

Kaczynski, Andrew T.; Besenyi, Gina M.; Child, Stephanie; Hughey, S. Morgan; Colabianchi, Natalie; McIver, Kerry L.; Dowda, Marsha; Pate, Russell R.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12429

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Objective PA [41,56] and parent-reported PA [57] were associated with reduced street connectivity, indicated by the presence of dead-end-roads/cul-de-sacs or one-way roads. This is likely to be a result of the relationship of this type of road design with increased traffic safety.…”

Section: Results: Associations Between Built Environment and Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measuring the Built Environment in Studies of Child Health—A Meta-Narrative Review of Associations

Ortegón-Sanchez

McEachan

Albert

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Although the built environment (BE) is important for children’s health, there is little consensus about which features are most important due to differences in measurement and outcomes across disciplines. This meta-narrative review was undertaken by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers to summarise ways in which the BE is measured, and how this links to children’s health. A structured search of four databases across the relevant disciplines retrieved 108 relevant references. The most commonly addressed health-related outcomes were active travel, physical activity and play, and obesity. Many studies used objective (GIS and street audits) or standardised subjective (perceived) measurements of the BE. However, there was a wide variety, and sometimes inconsistency, in their definition and use. There were clear associations between the BE and children’s health. Objective physical activity and self-reported active travel, or obesity, were positively associated with higher street connectivity or walkability measures, while self-reported physical activity and play had the strongest association with reduced street connectivity, indicated by quieter, one-way streets. Despite the high heterogeneity found in BE measures and health outcomes, the meta-narrative approach enabled us to identify ten BE categories that are likely to support children’s health and be protective against some non-communicable disease risk factors. Future research should implement consistent BE measures to ensure key features are explored. A systems approach will be particularly relevant for addressing place-based health inequalities, given potential unintended health consequences of making changes to the BE.

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Section: Results: Associations Between Built Environment and Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measuring the Built Environment in Studies of Child Health—A Meta-Narrative Review of Associations

Ortegón-Sanchez

McEachan

Albert

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Physical activity was measured using the PABR-7 instrument. The PABR-7 instrument was designed for the HCS and has been used in associational studies [ 36 , 38 ], but the psychometric properties have not been established [ 34 ]. Although we excluded any item explicitly asking about physical activity at school, whether physical activity occurred in a child’s residential neighborhood was not measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms

Kim

Ritchie

Landgraf

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Little is known about how the neighborhood social environment (e.g., safety, crime, traffic) impacts child physical activity. We examine the mechanism by which the neighborhood social environment is associated with child physical activity, moderated by individual-level cultural factors (e.g., language at home, immigrant generation) and mediated by neighborhood physical activity-related social norms (e.g., seeing walkers in the neighborhood). Data included 2749 non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children from the Healthy Communities Study. Multilevel regression was performed. The neighborhood social environment was not associated with physical activity in the full sample. However, Hispanic children speaking both English and Spanish and first- or second-generation Hispanic children engaged in more physical activity when the quality of the neighborhood social environment was higher (b = 1.60, p < 0.001 for Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish; b = 2.03, p < 0.01 for first-generation Hispanic children; b = 1.29, p < 0.01 for second-generation Hispanic children). Neighborhood physical activity-related social norms mediated the association between the neighborhood social environment and physical activity among Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish (b = 0.33, p < 0.001) and second-generation Hispanic children (b = 0.40, p < 0.001). Findings suggest heterogeneity in how neighborhood social environments impact physical activity by cultural factors. Health promotion programs may need to enhance neighborhood social environments to increase Hispanic children’s physical activity.

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In practice, since the development of pedestrian environments often involves both public and private land/space, urban design guidance in spatial development and layout is necessary (Ewing & Handy, 2009). Clarifying the association between the built environment and walking behavior helps understand what environmental components urban design tools should regulate and shape.To unveil the environment-walking association, previous studies (Kaczynski et al, 2018;Tian

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of perceived environment walkability with purposive and discursive walking for urban design strategies

Hsieh

Chuang²

2021

JTLU

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The relationship between the built environment and walking behavior has been explored extensively. However, little research has been done to either differentiate between walking for transport and walking as activity or that applies urban design tools to walkability improvement based on environment-walking associations. Therefore, this study constructed perceived environment walkability factors to replace unidentified physical environments that varied among individuals and examined their associations with walking to a destination (purposive walking) and walking as activity (discursive walking), using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results suggest that residential density, land-use mix diversity, and pedestrian/traffic safety were associated with purposive walking while aesthetics and crime safety were associated with discursive walking. Land-use mix access and street connectivity were common correlates of both walking patterns. This study also explored how to apply urban design tools, including land-use plans, zoning control, and urban design guidelines, to shape a walkable environment based on the environment-walking associations.

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Relationship of objective street quality attributes with youth physical activity: findings from the Healthy Communities Study

Abstract: Specific street quality attributes may be associated with youth PA. Further research and collaboration between diverse disciplines and agencies should focus on understanding and improving street quality to promote youth PA and health.

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Measuring the Built Environment in Studies of Child Health—A Meta-Narrative Review of Associations

Measuring the Built Environment in Studies of Child Health—A Meta-Narrative Review of Associations

The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms

Association of perceived environment walkability with purposive and discursive walking for urban design strategies

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