Relationship of Pulsation Rate, Pulsation Ratio, and Vacuum Decrease Time to Milking Performance

Rosén, Mikael; Caruolo, E.V.; Mochrie, R.D.; Dickey, David A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(83)82130-4

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These findings are in consistent with that reported by Rosen et al, (1983), who reported that increasing pulsation ratio caused pronounced changes in the stripping milk yield.…”

Section: Effect Of Pulsation Ratio On Machine Milking Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Most of the available studies are in accordance with the present results indicating that changing pulsation ratio had significant effect on milk yield and milking time. In this respect, Rosen et al (1983) found that increasing static ratio from 40:60 to 70:30 increased peak and average milking rates as well as milking stripping yield and, decreased time to reach milk yield peak and machine milking time. Also, Thomas et al (1991) found that average machine milking times were 8.44, 8.00 and 7.47 min per milking for 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 pulsation ratios, respectively.…”

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Also, the interaction between vacuum level and pulsation ratio was studied by Mahle et al (1982) on milk flow rate and udder health. The faster pulsation ratios would give faster milking but with higher operating costs (Akam, 1980;Hamed, 1982;Rosen et al, 1983;Hamed andNigm, 1986 andThomas et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Vaccuum Level, Pulsation Ratio, Claw Size and Using Duovac Unit on Performance of Machine Milking of Friesian Cows

Abedelatif

Mehrez

Tarabye

2007

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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The main objectives of this study were, to investigate the influence of different vacuum levels (VL), pulsation ratio (PR), claw size (CS) and connection of Duovac unit on characteristics of milking machine, in order to provide preliminary information for future trials on milk flow rate and milking time of Friesian cows. The present study was carried out at Sakha Animal Production Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Results revealed that machine milking yield (MMY) increased (P<0.05) from 8.7 kg at VL of 48 kpa to 9.0 and 9.05 kg at VL of 50 and 52 kpa, respectively. Total milk yield (TMY) increased (P<0.05) as the VL increased from 48 (8.9 kg) up to 52 Kpa (9.8 kg). Stimulation time (ST) was shorter (P<0.05) at 50 Kpa than at 52 Kpa (10.4 vs. 10.9 sec). Machine milking time (MMT) decreased (P<0.05) from 4.4 to 3.9 min by increasing VL from 48 to 50 kpa and to 3.5 min at 52 kpa. Stripping milk yield (SMT) only increased (P<0.05) from 0.6 min at 50 kpa to 0.9 min at 52 kpa. Total milking time (TMT) decreased (P< 0.05) from 4.9 min at 48 kpa to 4.6 and 4.4 min at 50 and 52 kpa, respectively. Milk flow rate (MFR) increased (P<0.05) from 2.0 to 2.3 kg/min at 50 kpa and to 2.8 kg/min at 52 kpa. Stripping milk yield (SMY) relative to TMY was higher (2.7%, P<0.05) for 48 Kpa than 50 and 52 Kpa (2.3 and 2.4%). Values of MMY decreased (P<0.05) only by changing PR from 65:35 up to 70:30 (8.7 vs. 9.2 kg). SMY decreased (P<0.05) by 33% only with changing PR from 60:40 to 65:35. TMY decreased (P<0.05) from 9.7 to 9.4 kg by changing PR from 60:40 to 65:35. However, changing PR from 65:35 to 70:30 reduced (P<0.05) TMY from 9.4 to 8.9 kg. ST decreased (P<0.05) from 11.3 to 10.5 sec only by changing pulsation ratio from 60:40 to 65:35. TMT was longer (1.9 vs. 4.6 min, P<0.05) by changing PR from 60:40 to 65:35 and from 65:35 to 70:30 (4.6 vs. 4.5 min, P<0.05). SMT decrease (P<0.05) from 0.70 to 0.68 sec only by changing PR from 60:40 up to 70:30. MMT decreased (P<0.05) by changing PR from 60:40 to 65:35 or to 70:30, being 4.2, 3.9 and 3.8 min, respectively. MFR increased (P<0.05) from 2.3 to 2.4 kg/min only by changing PR from 60:40 to 65:35. Percentage of SMY relative to TMY decreased (P<0.05) from 2.7% at 60:40 to 2.4% to 2.4% at 65:35 and changing PR to 70:30 decreased (P<0.05) percentage of SMY to TMY to 2.3%. SMY, ST, TMT, SMT, MMT and SMY relative to TMY were higher (P<0.05) with claw size of 150 than 350 cm 3 . However, TMY and MMY were higher (P<0.05) with claw size of 350 than 150 cm 3 . Increasing claw size from 150 to 350 increased (P<0.05) MFR from 2.2 to 23.5 kg/min, increased (P<0.05) MMY from 8.9 to 9.3 kg and decreased TMT, whereas SMY was the same in both cases of claw size. Using Duovac unit resulted in increase (P<0.05) in MMY from 9.0 to 9.2 kg and in TMY from 9.3 to 9.4 kg and decrease (P<0.05) in ST and MMT leading to reduction (P<0.05) in TMT from 4.9 to 4.5 min and increase (P<0.05) in MFR from 2.3 to 2.5 kg/min as compared to without using. Values of SMY decreased (P<0.05) from 0.3 to 0.2 kg and...

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“…These findings are in consistent with that reported by Rosen et al, (1983), who reported that increasing pulsation ratio caused pronounced changes in the stripping milk yield.…”

Section: Effect Of Pulsation Ratio On Machine Milking Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Itemmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effect of Vaccuum Level, Pulsation Ratio, Claw Size and Using Duovac Unit on Performance of Machine Milking of Friesian Cows

Abedelatif

Mehrez

Tarabye

2007

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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“…The unit of measure for all values of the b-phase is percentage (%) (Adapted from Reinemann & Mein, 2011) A proactive udder health monitoring programme is the result of fine tuning of the general udder health monitoring programme (Schukken et al, 2003). Researchers have concluded that optimization of vacuum setting and liner design will improve milking time and yield (Dzidic et al, 2004) Pulsation settings on milking machines can affect milking performance (Rosen et al, 1983;Kaskous, 2018). Teat thickness after milking tends to increase with pulsation ratio but decreases substantially as the pulsation rate increases between 20 and 80 pulses/min (Hamann et al, 1994;Hamann & Mein, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of milking machine settings and teat liners on bovine udder health

Vermaak¹,

Petzer²,

Karzis³

2023

SA J. An. Sci.

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The purpose of milking machines is to harvest milk at an optimum speed while maintaining cow comfort and preserving teat defence mechanisms against the invasion of mastitis pathogens, thus making machine settings critical in dairy herds. The various settings and combinations for milking machines were reviewed to enable operators to optimize them to preserve teat canal integrity and minimize mastitis. All databases of Web of Science and relevant websites were used to document machine settings and teat liners. All vacuum levels in milking systems need to be monitored. In addition, liners, milk yield, and automated cluster removal switch-point settings need to be regarded as bearing a risk of teat damage. They affect milking speed and vacuum levels at total, peak, and over-milking. An equilibrium should be reached between optimal milking speed and risk of teat damage. An increased switch-point setting shortens milking time and decreases overmilking and claw vacuum to preserve teat-canal integrity. Analysis of milk flow dynamics with a VaDia instrument highlights opportunities to improve milking protocols and equipment functions that align with the physiology of the cow. This knowledge can be applied on individual farms, in which herd milk yield, parlour layout, milking machine system, parlour management, and economics should be considered to obtain a balance between milking efficiency, udder health, and cow comfort. Standards for switch-point settings were identified in this review.

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“…The results of this study showed a marked increase in the amount of milk collected using the milking pulsation rate of 120 cycles/min in comparison with the pulsation rate of 90 or 150 cycles/min. In cows, the improvements in the quantity of collected milk related to the pulsation rate were found in some studies (Clough et al 1953; Stewart & Schultz, 1958; Jorgensen & Coruolo, 1963) but not in others (Moore, 1971; Rosen et al 1983; Thomas et al 1991). These discrepancies could be attributed to the different pulsation ratios adopted (Ricordeau & Labussiere, 1970) or to other experimental conditions such as lactation stage, lactation number and age of the animal (Bruckmaier et al 1994; Bruckmaier & Hilger, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Udder characteristics and effects of pulsation rate on milking machine efficiency in donkeys

D’Alessandro

Mariano

Martemucci

2014

Journal of Dairy Research

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Very little is known about the udder characteristics, partitioning of milk in the mammary gland and efficiency of machine milking in donkeys. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the udder and teats, milk yield in relation to pulsation rates (90, 120 and 150 cycles/min), milk partitioning in the mammary gland, composition of the spontaneously removed and residual milk fractions and milking efficiency. Forty-one healthy Martina Franca jennies in the third month of lactation and routinely milked twice daily were used in three studies. Udder characteristics were evaluated by direct measurements and ultrasonographic scanning. Residual milk was obtained by milking after an oxytocin administration (40 IU i.m.). The prevalent shapes were 'bowl' for udders and 'conical' for teats. After milking the udder characteristics decreased within a range from -11·6% (udder depth) to -25·7% (diameter of teat at the base). The internal structures of the udder resulted as several pockets of ducts empting directly into the teat. The pulsation rate of 120 cycles/min improved (P<0·05) the milk yield in comparison to the 90 and 150 cycles/min, reduced the residual milk fraction, thus improved (P<0·05) milking efficiency. Residual milk composition had higher (P<0·05) fat content and somatic cell count than the spontaneously removed milk fraction. The udders revealed several pockets of ducts empting into the teat instead of a single cisternal cavity and showed a certain compliance. The use of 120 cycles/min pulsation rate improved milking efficiency.

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Relationship of Pulsation Rate, Pulsation Ratio, and Vacuum Decrease Time to Milking Performance

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Vaccuum Level, Pulsation Ratio, Claw Size and Using Duovac Unit on Performance of Machine Milking of Friesian Cows

Effect of Vaccuum Level, Pulsation Ratio, Claw Size and Using Duovac Unit on Performance of Machine Milking of Friesian Cows

Effects of milking machine settings and teat liners on bovine udder health

Udder characteristics and effects of pulsation rate on milking machine efficiency in donkeys

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