Relationship of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow to Thickness of Subcutaneous Tissue and Total Body Fat Mass

Nielsen, Steen Levin; Larsen, O. Andrée

doi:10.3109/00365517309084321

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The increase in ATBF after glucose ingestion was also less pronounced. Similar observations have been reported by others (24,33,(37)(38)(39), which may indicate an association between obesity and defective blood flow regulation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans. In the obese subjects, the interstitial levels of glycerol in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were ~50% higher than the corresponding concentrations for the nonobese subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Rates of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue glycerol release in nonobese and obese subjects.

et al. 2000

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Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue lipolysis rates were quantitatively compared in 12 healthy nonobese and 14 insulin-resistant obese subjects for 3.5 h after an oral glucose load using microdialysis measurements of interstitial glycerol concentrations and determinations of local blood flow with 133 Xe clearance in the gastrocnemius muscle and in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Together with measurements of arterialized venous plasma glycerol, the absolute rates of glycerol mobilization were estimated. In the basal state, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue glycerol levels were 50% higher (P < 0.05-0.01) and adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) and muscle blood flow (MBF) rates were 30-40% lower (P < 0.02-0.05) in obese versus nonobese subjects. After glucose ingestion, adipose tissue glycerol levels were rapidly and transiently reduced, whereas in muscle, a progressive and less pronounced fall in glycerol levels was evident. MBF remained unchanged in both study groups, whereas ATBF increased more markedly (P < 0.01) in the nonobese versus obese subjects after the oral glucose load. The fasting rates of glycerol release per unit of tissue weight from skeletal muscle were between 20 and 25% of that from adipose tissue in both groups. After glucose ingestion, the rates of glycerol release from skeletal muscle and from adipose tissue were almost identical in nonobese and obese subjects. However, the kinetic patterns differed markedly between tissues; in adipose tissue, the rate of glycerol mobilization was suppressed by 25-30% (P < 0.05) after glucose ingestion, whereas no significant reduction was registered in skeletal muscle. We conclude that significant amounts of glycerol are released from skeletal muscle, which suggests that muscle lipolysis provides an important endogenous energy source in humans. In response to glucose ingestion, the regulation of skeletal muscle glycerol release differs from that in adipose tissue; although the rate of glycerol release from adipose tissue is clearly suppressed, the rate of glycerol mobilization from skeletal muscle remains unaltered. In quantitative terms, the rate of glycerol release per unit of tissue weight in adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle is similar in nonobese and obese subjects in both the postabsorptive state and after glucose ingestion. Diabetes 49:797-802, 2000 S keletal muscle insulin resistance, as reflected by attenuated insulin-mediated glucose disposal, is a key finding of the various clinical components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes) and thus is a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (1). Among the putative mechanisms underlying insulin resistance, increased attention has been paid to elevated circulating concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs). We have known for many years that an inverse relationship exists regarding the use of lipids and carbohydrates as metabolic fuels and that inappropriate elevation of FFA levels mediates an i...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Rates of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue glycerol release in nonobese and obese subjects.

et al. 2000

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“…In addition, a rise in insulin levels accompanying increasing obesity may dampen FFA release [31]. And finally, the blood flow through a given amount of adipose tissue declines with increasing adiposity [33]; this too could limit the amount of FFA mobilized from adipose tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal metabolism of free fatty acids in hypertriglyceridaemic men: apparent insulin resistance of adipose tissue

Mostaza¹,

Vega²,

Snell³

et al. 1998

Journal of Internal Medicine

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Objective. There is growing evidence that endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia is frequently accompanied by a state of insulin resistance. The present study was performed to determine whether patients with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia commonly have abnormalities in plasma concentrations and turnover rates of free fatty acids (FFA), which could reflect a state of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and could account for raised plasma triglycerides. Design. Hypertriglyceridaemic and normotriglyceridemic control patients underwent measurements of plasma concentrations and turnover rates of FFA. Fat weights in both groups were determined by hydrodensitometry, and fat distribution was assessed by skin-folds and measurement of waist and hip circumferences. Other measurements included plasma glucose, insulin, lipids, and lipoproteins.Subjects. Fifteen men with normal plasma triglycerides and 21 men with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia were studied. Men in both groups varied in body weights and total fat weights, but total fat weights were entirely overlapping for the two groups. Waist-to-hip ratios and waist circumferences also were similar for the two groups. Results. For any total body fat content or waist circumference, most hypertriglyceridaemia patients had higher mean plasma concentrations of FFA and higher turnover rates (flux) for FFA than did normotriglyceridemic patients. Hypertriglyceridaemic patients also had higher fasting insulin concentrations for a given body fat content. In general, both FFA flux and plasma insulin levels were positively correlated with plasma concentrations of triglyceride and inversely with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Conclusions. These studies indicate that many patients with primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia have increased flux of FFA and hyperinsulinemia that cannot be explained either by increased total body fat content or by greater waist circumferences than observed in normotriglyceridemic patients.

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“…As a corollary to this finding, skin temperature increased significantly in the lean but not the obese subjects. Previous studies have shown that ATBF may be decreased in obese subjects (30,38,39) and that this accompanies adipose cell enlargement resulting in a constant blood supply per cell (40). Increased ATBF after oral glucose and a carbohydrate-rich meal have also been reported (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol production in subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean and obese humans.

Jansson¹,

Larsson²,

Smith³

et al. 1992

J. Clin. Invest.

185

122

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To estimate the regional subcutaneous glycerol production rate in normal and obese humans, the venous arterialized plasma glycerol, interstitial glycerol in the subcutaneous adipose tissue together with adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF, ml/100 g* min) were measured in the postabsorptive state and for 2 h after ingestion of 100 g of oral glucose. Eight lean and eight obese men with normal oral glucose tolerance tests were investigated with the subcutaneous microdialysis technique and "AXe clearance. In the postabsorptive state, the interstitial glycerol concentrations in lean and obese subjects were 170±21 vs. 282±28 MM (P < 0.01) and 156±23 vs. 225±12 MM (P < 0.05) in the abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue, respectively. The corresponding arterial glycerol levels were 54±4 vs. 75±14 MM (NS). Abdominal ATBF was greater in lean subjects (3.2±0.6 vs.

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Relationship of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow to Thickness of Subcutaneous Tissue and Total Body Fat Mass

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Rates of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue glycerol release in nonobese and obese subjects.

Rates of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue glycerol release in nonobese and obese subjects.

Abnormal metabolism of free fatty acids in hypertriglyceridaemic men: apparent insulin resistance of adipose tissue

Glycerol production in subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean and obese humans.

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