Relationship of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior to Attachment Style in Patients with Major Depression

Özer, Ürün; Yıldırım, Ejder Akgün; Erkoç, Şahap

doi:10.5152/npa.2015.7459

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Specifi cally, the fi rst distinct feature refers to depressive symptoms, social anxiety, fears of abandonment in signifi cant interpersonal relationships, and loneliness; the second distinct feature refers to the confi dence in others and the degree of comfort with intimacy. This characterization is supported in the literature that mentions signifi cant diff erences in various psychological and psychopathological domains between individuals with and without suicidal ideation (Borges & Werlang 2006;Dervic et al, 2007;Eisenberg et al, 2007;Ellis & Ratliff , 1986;Eskin, Voracek, Stieger, & Altinyazar, 2011;Garlow et al, 2008;Gençöz & Or, 2006;Kashden, Fremouw, Callahan, & Franzen 1993;Lasgaard et al, 2010;Mazza & Reynolds, 2001;Özer, Yildirim, & Erkoç, 2015;Peter et al, 2008;Reinherz, Tanner, Berger, Beardslee, & Fitzmaurice, 2006;Tyssen, Vaglum, Grønvold, & Ekeberg, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Searching for Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in University Students

Pereira

Cardoso

2018

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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-The present study aims to identify psychological predictors of suicidal ideation in university students. We collected a sample of 366 participants, representing a population of 7102 students from a university in northern Portugal (95% CI). Both in the whole sample and in the intra-gender analysis, students with suicidal ideation revealed higher levels of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social anxiety and fears of abandonment, and lower levels of comfort with intimacy and trust in others. Loneliness and depression are signifi cant predictors of suicidal ideation, with an odds ratio of 1.095 and 1.108, respectively. The results were consistent with those found in the literature, and call for more research and implementation of intervention protocols in university populations.Keywords: psychological predictors, suicidal ideation, university students Investigando Preditores Psicológicos de Ideação Suicida em Estudantes UniversitáriosRESUMO -Este trabalho buscou investigar preditores psicológicos de ideação suicida em estudantes universitários. Coletaramse dados de 366 participantes, que representavam uma população de 7102 estudantes de uma universidade no Norte de Portugal (95% CI). Tanto na amostra total como nas análises intra-gêneros, estudantes com ideação suicida revelaram maiores níveis de sintomas depressivos, solidão, ansiedade social e medo do abandono, bem como menores níveis de conforto com a intimidade e confi ança nos outros. Solidão e depressão mostraram-se preditores signifi cativos de ideação suicida, com uma odds ratio de 1,095 e 1,108, respectivamente. Os resultados foram consistentes com os encontrados na literatura e destacam a necessidade de pesquisas e da implementação de protocolos de intervenção junto à população universitária.Palavras-chave: preditores psicológicos, ideação suicida, universitários

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Searching for Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in University Students

Pereira

Cardoso

2018

Psic.: Teor. e Pesq.

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“…Social isolation and feelings of loneliness usually follow the death of loved one, probably due to reluctance to accept outside support and subsequent negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future, thereby precipitating development of depression . However, people with profound depression tend to maintain fragile interpersonal relationships and losing a family member may not have a strong and prolonged impact on their life, as evident in our findings on the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on changes in PG‐13 scores; this effect was substantially less than that of PGD symptoms as a mediator of changes in CES‐D scores over the first 2 years of bereavement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Symptoms of prolonged grief and major depressive disorders: Distinctiveness and temporal relationship in the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients

et al. 2020

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Objective: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common syndromes shaping bereaved caregivers' quality of life (QOL). However, distinctiveness of these syndromes warrants confirmation, and the temporal relationship of PGD and MDD symptoms has not been established. To fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted this longitudinal study. Methods: PGD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and psychological QOL were measured over 398 caregivers' first 2 years of bereavement using the Prolonged Grief-13 (PG-13) scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, and Short Form-36 Health Survey mental health summary, respectively. To clarify the distinctiveness of PGD and MDD symptoms, we examined their associations with psychological QOL by incremental validity testing. Distinctiveness and temporal relationship of PGD and MDD symptoms were also examined using longitudinal, lower-level mediation analysis with a lagged approach.Results: After the variance in psychological QOL was explained by CES-D scores (pseudo-R 2 = 44.19%, P < .001), PG-13 scores significantly, incrementally increased the explained variance in psychological QOL (pseudo-R 2 = 0.21%, P < .001), confirming the distinctiveness of PGD and MDD symptoms. CES-D scores mediated 40.7% of the time vs PG-13 score relationship, whereas PG-13 scores mediated 78.2% of the time vs CES-D score relationship with a better model fit, indicating that PG-13 scores assessed earlier mediated caregivers' current depressive status rather than vice versa.Conclusions: PGD and MDD are distinct constructs, and PGD precedes onset of MDD. Clinicians should distinguish between these two disorders and address bereaved caregivers' PGD to reduce PGD-associated distress and morbidity and to prevent MDD onset, thereby improving their QOL.

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“…We speculate that separation distress [ 37 , 38 ] during early bereavement might sensitize depressed surrogates to loss reminders from the forthcoming anniversary [ 43 ], bringing on characteristic PGD symptoms: yearning for the eternally separated deceased, frequent preoccupying thoughts and memories of the deceased person, a feeling of disbelief or inability to accept the loss, and difficulty imagining a meaningful future without the deceased. The absence of social support may also prompt PGD symptoms, given the fragility of interpersonal relationships among those with profound depression [ 45 ]. With reluctance to accept outside support, isolation and loneliness may evolve into characteristic PGD symptoms like difficulty trusting people and feeling distant from others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How symptoms of prolonged grief disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression relate to each other for grieving ICU families during the first two years of bereavement

et al. 2022

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Background Bereaved ICU family surrogates are at risk of comorbid prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Knowledge about temporal relationships between PGD, PTSD, and depression is limited by a lack of relevant studies and diverse or inappropriate assessment time frames given the duration criterion for PGD. We aimed to determine the temporal reciprocal relationships between PGD, PTSD, and depressive symptoms among ICU decedents’ family surrogates during their first 2 bereavement years with an assessment time frame reflecting the PGD duration criterion. Methods This prospective, longitudinal, observational study examined PGD, PTSD, and depressive symptoms among 303 family surrogates of ICU decedents from two academic hospitals using 11 items of the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13, the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, and the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively, at 6, 13, 18, and 24 months post-loss. Cross-lagged panel modeling was conducted: autoregressive coefficients indicate variable stability, and cross-lagged coefficients indicate the strength of reciprocal relationships among variables between time points. Results Symptoms (autoregressive coefficients) of PGD (0.570–0.673), PTSD (0.375–0.687), and depression (0.591–0.655) were stable over time. Cross-lagged standardized coefficients showed that depressive symptoms measured at 6 months post-loss predicted subsequent symptoms of PGD (0.146) and PTSD (0.208) at 13 months post-loss. PGD symptoms did not predict depressive symptoms. PTSD symptoms predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in the second bereavement year (0.175–0.278). PGD symptoms consistently predicted subsequent PTSD symptoms in the first 2 bereavement years (0.180–0.263), whereas PTSD symptoms predicted subsequent PGD symptoms in the second bereavement year only (0.190–0.214). PGD and PTSD symptoms are bidirectionally related in the second bereavement year. Conclusions PGD, PTSD, and depressive symptoms can persist for 2 bereavement years. Higher PGD symptoms at 6 months post-loss contributed to the exacerbation of PTSD symptoms over time, whereas long-lasting PTSD symptoms were associated with prolonged depression and PGD symptoms beyond the first bereavement year. Identification and alleviation of depression and PGD symptoms as early as 6 months post-loss enables bereaved surrogates to grieve effectively and avoid the evolution of those symptoms into long-lasting PGD, PTSD, and depression.

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Relationship of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior to Attachment Style in Patients with Major Depression

Abstract: Patients with depression were more anxious and more avoidant and showed more insecure attachment. In patients with depression with fearful attachment style, suicide attempts were more common.

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Searching for Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in University Students

Searching for Psychological Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in University Students

Symptoms of prolonged grief and major depressive disorders: Distinctiveness and temporal relationship in the first 2 years of bereavement for family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients

How symptoms of prolonged grief disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression relate to each other for grieving ICU families during the first two years of bereavement

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