Relationship of the Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acid Ratio to Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese: the INTERLIPID Study

Abstract

Aim:There have been few studies on the relationships of the dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (P/S) to cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that there would be favorable relationships. Methods: Metabolic cardiovascular risk factors from dietary nutrient intake were investigated in 1,004 men and women aged 40 − 59 years from 4 population samples of Japanese. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of the dietary P/S ratio to the following risk factors: hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol. Adjusted odds ratio of having metabolic syndrome was also calculated. Results: The dietary P/S ratio was significantly and inversely related to serum total and LDL cholesterol with control for possible confounding variables. We did not find any significant relationship between the P/S ratio and single metabolic risk factors or the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Managing the P/S ratio is important to control serum LDL-cholesterol; however, increasing the P/S ratio may not improve metabolic risk factors. Other countermeasures, such as weight control, greater physical activity, and smoking cessation should be recommended to prevent and control metabolic syndrome.

Fatty acids in berry lipids of six sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., subspecies carpatica) cultivars grown in Romania

“…The n-6/n-3 ratios varied between 1.4 (in C1) and 4.1 (in C3) (Table 5). Recent studies have shown that a balanced intake of dietary PUFA and SFA (ranged between 1.0 and 1.5) can contribute to reduce cardiovascular diseases [23,24]. The glycerophospholipids from pulp/peel oils of subspecies sinensis , rhamnoides and mongolica presented greater amounts of the 18:2n-6 (25.7%, 24.2% and 32.1%, respectively) and 18:3n-3 (15.4%, 12.9% and 10%, respectively) fatty acids than those of corresponding PLs from the present study [16,17].…”

Dyslipidemia patterns are differentially associated with dietary factors

“…Our study could not examine the association between individual fatty acid intakes and dyslipidemia patterns due to the lack of a complete nutrient database; data on the levels of various types of fatty acids in Korean foods were not available. However, previous studies conducted in a Japanese population reported favorable effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood lipids [21,22].…”

“…In addition, high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was inversely associated with TC and LDLC levels [21] but positively associated with HDLC levels [22]. However, only limited data are available on the associations between overall lipid profiles and dietary factors.…”

Self-reported health-related behaviors and dietary habits in patients with metabolic syndrome

“…It is well documented that the recommended consumption of PUFA lowers TC: high density lipoprotein ratio, improves insulin sensitivity, normalizes blood pressure and reduces systemic inflammation [27]. Available data suggest that increasing the P/S ratio to 1.0 (approximately 1.0-1.5) would reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and MetS [28].…”