Relationship of the toxicity of pesticide formulations and their commercial restrictions with the frequency of animal poisonings

Martínez-Haro, Mónica; Mateo, Rafael; Guitart, Raimón; Soler-Rodríguez, Francisco; Pérez-López, Marcos; María-Mójica, Pedro; García-Fernández, Antonio J.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.05.006

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several lions had succumbed to carbofuran in Kenya and other parts of Africa (Given 2007). Scavengers and carrion eaters like vultures, crows, Indian magpie, black kite, Brahminy kite and hyena are the most common non-target species that bear the brunt of secondary poisoning (Wobeser et al 2004;Martinez-Haro et al 2008). The two incidents reported herein is a testimony to the fact that large carnivores like the tiger and leopard, which usually hunt live prey, also can fall victim to secondary poisoning due to their occasional scavenging habits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary phorate poisoning of large carnivores in India

et al. 2010

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India, with its huge human population and fragmented wildlife habitat, is plagued with human-animal conflicts. In conflict areas, large carnivores are often primary targets for malicious poisoning. The effects of certain poisons do not stop with the target animal but also affects other species of wildlife in the form of secondary poisoning. This paper describes incidences of secondary poisoning of a tiger (Panthera tigris) and a black panther (melanistic Panthera pardus) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), which are considered pests in horticultural plantations, were the primary targets in both cases and were poisoned using phorate, a highly toxic organophosphorus compound. Tigers and leopards hold significant position in the upper most trophic level of the ecological pyramid and are grouped in schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act of India. The tiger, as a species, is currently waging a grim battle of survival in the wild. The world over, leopard populations are also dwindling. The implications of the death of these endangered apex predators due to the increase in population of the ubiquitous wild boars are analysed. The merits of introducing a policy of selective culling of wild boars in conflict areas are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary phorate poisoning of large carnivores in India

et al. 2010

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“…Mortality resulting from illegal poisoning has unique characteristics that make its surveillance and the effects on the population somewhat different from other non-natural causes of mortality (Guitart et al 1999;Hernández 2006;Berny 2007;Martínez-Haro et al 2008). Several studies have documented the detrimental effects of illegal poisoning on population dynamics, especially in those long-lived species with low reproductive rates and delayed maturity (Real and Mañosa 1997;Whitfield et al 2004a, b;Ortega et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Poison-related mortality effects in the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) population in Spain

Hernández¹,

Margalida²

2009

Eur J Wildl Res

109

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A total of 211 poisoning incidents registered over the period 1990-2007 and affecting 294 Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) were studied to address the impact of poison-related mortality in the Spanish population. Poison-related mortality mainly affected the birds on an individual level, with low numbers of individuals being found in each incident (mean 1.39) with 94.9% being adults. Deaths were largely recorded (81.8%) during the breeding season, with mortality peaking during May and June (52.1%). In contrast with other raptor species, a high proportion of adult individuals (74.2%) were found in the nest or its surroundings. Age-related differences in the poisoning rate are probably related with different feeding and behavioral strategies between age classes. The illegal use of poison to control predators was the main cause of mortality (93.8%), and particularly in small hunting reserves (74.9%), since the kind of food resources that adults exploit are coincident with the type of baits employed to illegally control predators and the preferred habitat coincides with areas of small game hunting. Our results suggest that poisoning is probably one of the main causes of Egyptian vulture mortality in Spain. The eradication of the illegal use of poisoning and supplementary feeding in specific territories to provide safe food seems priority for its conservation.

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“…Several other organophosphates, such as parathion or malathion, have shown to provoke deleterious effects on mammalian reproduction, as such the increment in teratozoospermia levels, the alteration of chromatin quality in epididymal spermatozoa, the severe decrease in sperm count and the increase of apoptosis levels in the germinal epithelium (Bustos-Obregón et al, 2001;Martínez-Haro et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Melatonin on Damage in the Sperm Parameters of Mice Exposed to Diazinon

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY:Since normal sperm parameters can be altered by organophosphorous pesticides, this study intended to determine if melatonin is able to prevent the damage on sperm quality after an acute exposure to diazinon. Adult male mice were injected intraperitoneally with melatonin, diazinon (1/3 or 2/3 LD50) or both, and sperm parameters were evaluated on days 1 or 32 post injection. Groups treated with diazinon showed elevated lipid peroxidation levels on day 1 post treatment, while groups pretreated with melatonin before diazinon showed no difference compared to control. Sperm count showed a significant decrease in both diazinontreated groups only on day 32 post injection; no differences were observed in groups pretreated with melatonin prior to diazinon compared to control. The percentage of abnormal sperm morphology increased in the diazinon-treated groups only on day 32 postinjection. The administration of melatonin prior to exposure to diazinon prevents the alteration of sperm parameters commonly caused by organophosphates, possibly due to its antioxidant properties.

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Relationship of the toxicity of pesticide formulations and their commercial restrictions with the frequency of animal poisonings

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Secondary phorate poisoning of large carnivores in India

Secondary phorate poisoning of large carnivores in India

Poison-related mortality effects in the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) population in Spain

Protective Effect of Melatonin on Damage in the Sperm Parameters of Mice Exposed to Diazinon

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