Relationship of Vitamin D status with testosterone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

D’Andrea, Settimio; Martorella, Alessio; Coccia, Flaminia; Castellini, Chiara; Minaldi, Elisa; Totaro, Maria; Parisi, Antonio; Francavilla, Felice; Francavilla, Sandro; Barbonetti, Arcangelo

doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02482-3

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Low serum 25hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (the circulating form of vitamin D) levels have also been linked to low testosterone levels. Consequently, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by D'Andrea et al (2021) reported a positive association between 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels (14). Additionally, a recent study found that vitamin D deficiency leads to reduced production of testosterone (15), which can affect male fertility, although there are some controversial results about this association (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25-hydroxyvitamin D and testosterone levels association through body mass index: A cross-sectional study of young men with obesity

et al. 2022

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BackgroundsVitamin D and testosterone deficiency have been widely related to obesity. However, only a few studies have investigated the effect of vitamin D on testosterone in the context of obesity, in which controversial results have been raised.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and testosterone levels in young men with different grade of obesity.Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 269 healthy young men with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2). Participants were divided into two groups based on their serum 25(OH)D levels (134 subjects with vitamin D sufficiency and 135 participants with vitamin D deficiency, according to the 50th percentile of 25(OH)D). Serum 25(OH)D and sex hormones have been measured. The relationships between 25(OH)D, sex hormones, and obesity grades were investigated with linear and binary logistic regression analyses, as well as mediation analysis.ResultsCompared to the 25(OH)D sufficiency group, total and free testosterone levels were found to be decreased, whereas serum androstenedione levels were increased in the 25(OH)D deficiency group (p<0.05). Using multivariable lineal regression analyses, 25(OH)D was correlated with the majority of sex hormones (p<0.05). When mediation with BMI was performed, the direct effect between 25(OH)D and sex hormones disappeared, and only the indirect effect via BMI remained (demonstrating the importance of BMI). Furthermore, after controlling for age and smoking status, we discovered that total testosterone and SHBG were both significantly associated with 25(OH)D (p<0.05) in subjects with obesity type III. Using a mediation analysis, we discovered that BMI had a partial effect on the association between 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels in morbidly obese participants, indicating that a direct association between 25(OH)D and total testosterone levels, and that BMI partially mediated this association.ConclusionsSerum 25(OH)D is associated with total testosterone levels in only those subjects with morbid obesity, suggesting a specific benefit in severe cases of obesity. Additional research is needed to elucidate possible common mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25-hydroxyvitamin D and testosterone levels association through body mass index: A cross-sectional study of young men with obesity

et al. 2022

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“…A total of 4254 men in the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China) study showed that lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower total testosterone (TT) after multivariable adjustment ( 9 ). According to the findings of a meta-analysis, a low blood 25(OH)D level was slightly associated with a low testosterone level ( 10 ). Moreover, there has been some evidences indicating that the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes in the testis ( 11 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Defining the Association Between Vitamin D and Testosterone in Males With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism

Han

Chen³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in diabetic men with and without hypogonadism and figured out the potential factors influencing the connection between vitamin D and testosterone.MethodsA total of 367 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were investigated, including 254 men with normal gonadal function (Group 1) and 113 men with hypogonadism (Group 2). Men with hypogonadism were classified as either hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Group 2a) or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Group 2b). Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in all cases. Morning total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), prolactin (PRL), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid function, parathyroid and adrenal hormones, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (Fins) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were also assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in men with T2DM was up to 96.46%. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in men with hypogonadism than those with eugonadism (16.65 ± 6.44 ng/mL vs. 18.17 ± 6.17 ng/mL, P=0.033). The lowest 25(OH)D level was observed in Group 2a (16.22 ± 6.52 ng/mL). After adjustment for the selected factors, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were shown to be positively correlated with TT concentrations (r=0.137, P=0.032). The relationship between 25(OH)D and testosterone was altered by age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, and HbA1c. Serum 25(OH)D level was positively associated with serum TT level in men with age <60 years (r=0.180, P=0.003), or with duration≥5 years (r=0.186, P=0.013), or with body mass index (BMI)≥28kg/m2 (r=0.431, P=0.000), or with HbA1c≥9% (r=0.145, P=0.031).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that type 2 diabetes patients with hypogonadism have lower 25(OH)D levels than those without hypogonadism. There seems to be a positive association between the serum 25(OH)D and TT levels, which affected by age, duration, BMI, and HbA1c

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“…However, there is unlikely to be important differences in the magnitude of effect based on these parameters [ 43 ]. Another previous review [ 44 ] examined this association in men with and without vitamin D deficiency (i.e., 25 (OH)D below 20 ng/mL). Participants included 9892 men with vitamin D deficiency and 10,675 controls from 18 case-control studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Robles

Harrison

Tan

et al. 2022

Cancer Causes Control

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Purpose Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown an association between vitamin D levels and prostate cancer progression. However, evidence of direct causality is sparse and studies have not examined biological mechanisms, which can provide information on plausibility and strengthen the evidence for causality. Methods We used the World Cancer Research Fund International/University of Bristol two-stage framework for mechanistic systematic reviews. In stage one, both text mining of published literature and expert opinion identified testosterone as a plausible biological mechanism. In stage two, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence from both human and animal studies examining the effect of vitamin D on testosterone, and testosterone on advanced prostate cancer (diagnostic Gleason score of ≥ 8, development of metastasis) or prostate cancer-specific mortality. Results A meta-analysis of ten human RCTs showed evidence of an effect of vitamin D on total testosterone (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.133, 95% CI = − 0.003–0.269, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.056). Five human RCTs showed evidence of an effect of vitamin D on free testosterone (SMD = 0.173, 95% CI = − 0.104–0.450, I2 = 52.4%, p = 0.220). Three human cohort studies of testosterone on advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer-specific mortality provided inconsistent results. In one study, higher levels of calculated free testosterone were positively associated with advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer-specific mortality. In contrast, higher levels of dihydrotestosterone were associated with lowering prostate cancer-specific mortality in another study. No animal studies met the study eligibility criteria. Conclusion There is some evidence that vitamin D increases levels of total and free testosterone, although the effect of testosterone levels within the normal range on prostate cancer progression is unclear. The role of testosterone as a mechanism between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression remains inconclusive.

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Relationship of Vitamin D status with testosterone levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 33 publications

References 91 publications

25-hydroxyvitamin D and testosterone levels association through body mass index: A cross-sectional study of young men with obesity

25-hydroxyvitamin D and testosterone levels association through body mass index: A cross-sectional study of young men with obesity

Factors Defining the Association Between Vitamin D and Testosterone in Males With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypogonadism

Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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