Relationships among cold hardiness, water-soluble protein, anthocyanins, &amp; free sugars in <i>Hedera helix</i> L.

Parker, Johnson

doi:10.1104/pp.37.6.809

Cited by 70 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These have shown that sugars generally increase slowly and that this is usually (13,16), although not always (4), accompanied by a decrease in starch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants under Climatic Stress

Taylor¹,

Jepsen²,

Christeller³

1972

Plant Physiol.

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An investigation has been made of the combined effects of low temperature and high light on the level of several photosynthetic products in the leaves of a group of plants differing widely in their tolerance to this stress. Starch levels in these plants after chilling are dependent on the time of day that temperatures are lowered and seem related to rates of C02 assimilation under this stress. Prolonged low-temperature, highlight treatment (10 C at 160 wmr') of Sorghum bicolor induced a rapid starch hydrolysis after a lag of some 24 hours. Differing rates of starch loss at the cellular level and a rapid migration of chloroplasts toward the base of upper mesophyll cells were also seen in legves of this stress-sensitive species.Chilling increased the level of almost all free amino acids in tolerant and in semi-tolerant species, while amino acids related to intermediates of the C4-pathway show a sharp or transitory decrease in Sorghum. These and other changes observed in Sorghum suggest that some time-and temperature-dependent blockages develop in the interconversion of C4-pathway intermediates and possibly in the flow of other intermediates to and from the sites of C4-photosynthesis.Levels of ATP in the leaves of Sorghum, Paspalum, and Amaranthus increased at night and following chilling and did not fall until pronounced necrosis of the leaves commenced.Previous reports (21,22) have shown that high light levels combined with low temperatures can cause necrotic lesions to develop on the leaves of several plants. Lower levels of light prevent or slow the onset of these lesions. Some species of both C3-and C4-photosynthetic pathway (7) Lolium multiflorum L. var Grasslands "Tama" Westerwolds.Potting media, plant nutrients, and controlled environment cabinets were as described previously (21). Plants were given three phases of treatment. They were first preconditioned at a constant day-night temperature of 25 C for 11 to 14 days. Temperatures were generally lowered at the start of a photoperiod to a constant 10 C day and night for 3 days and then returned to 25 C. Photoperiods were 12 hr with light intensities maintained at 160 wm-2 (400-700 nm).Soluble Sugar, Starch, and Malate Assays. Several leaves with most recently emerged ligules (youngest-mature) were harvested from different plants 3 hr before the completion of 12-hr photoperiods. Leaves were lyophilized and ground, and aliquots were used for subsequent analyses. Soluble sugars extracted in 80% (v/v) ethanol and starch extracted from the alcohol-insoluble residue according to Hassid and Neufield (6) were assayed with phenol-sulphuric acid (1). Malate was extracted from aliquots (250 mg) of the same dry leaf powder in 5 ml of 6% HCIO4 at 0 C and determined enzymically (8).Similar assays were also used to determine the levels of leaf starch at more frequent intervals before and during low-temperature treatment.Amino Acid Assays. Amino acids were extracted from 1.5 g wet weight of youngest-mature leaf lamina in methanol-chloroform (2:1) followed by 0.1 ...

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“…These have shown that sugars generally increase slowly and that this is usually (13,16), although not always (4), accompanied by a decrease in starch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants under Climatic Stress

Taylor¹,

Jepsen²,

Christeller³

1972

Plant Physiol.

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“…Ivy is neither particularly aggressive, nor does it overgrow healthy tree crowns, but usually remains in the subcanopy (Mitchell 1975). Its distribution in Europe is limited to the north and east by the -25°C minimum isotherme (Iversen 1944;Parker 1962;Andergassen and Bauer 2002). The largest individuals show diameters [25 cm and can be over 60 years old (Heuzé et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water relations of climbing ivy in a temperate forest

Leuzinger

Hartmann

Körner

2011

Planta

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Ivy (Hedera helix) is the most important liana in temperate European forests. We studied water relations of adult ivy in a natural, 35 m tall mixed deciduous forest in Switzerland using a construction crane to access the canopy. Predawn leaf water potential at the top of climbing ivy ranged from -0.4 to -0.6 MPa, daily minima ranged from -1.3 to -1.7 MPa. Leaf water potentials as well as relative sap flow were held surprisingly constant throughout different weather conditions, suggesting a tendency to isohydric behaviour. Maximum stomatal conductance was 200 mmol m -2 s -1 . The use of a potometer experiment allowed us to measure absolute transpiration rates integrated over a whole plant of 0.23 mmol m -2 s -1 . Nightly sap flow of ivy during warm, dry nights accounted for up to 20% of the seasonal maximum. Maximum sap flow rates were reached at ca. 0.5 kPa vpd. On the other hand, the host trees showed a less conservative stomatal regulation, maximum sap flow rates were reached at vpd values of ca. 1 kPa. Sap flow rates of ivy decreased by ca. 20% in spring after bud break of trees, suggesting that ivy profits strongly from warm sunny days in early spring before budbreak of the host trees and from mild winter days. This species may benefit from rising winter temperatures in Europe and thus become a stronger competitor against its host trees.

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“…Anthocyanins accumulated in vacuoles may protect the vacuole membrane from low temperature injury (Leng et al, 2000). In fact, in Hedera helix L. leaves (Parker, 1962), and shoots of apple, peach (Leng et al, 2000) and persimmon (Leng et al, 1993), cold tolerance increased sharply in November and December, accompanied by a similarly sharp increase in anthocyanin concentration. As flavonoid compounds always exist as glycosides in plant tissues (Van Buren, 1970), the formation of non-tannin flavan glycosides (mainly anthocyanins) is thought to be largely influenced by sugar content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance among Japanese Persimmon 'Saijo' Strains

持田¹,

板村²

2009

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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Cold tolerance was compared among the three 'Saijo' persimmon strains "Abe", "Endo", and "Izumo". We also determined the carbohydrate and non-tannin flavans content (mainly anthocyanins) in the stems and buds of 1-year-old twigs of the three strains. In "Abe", the total sugar content in stems in early spring, just before sprouting, was significantly lower than those of "Endo" and "Izumo". This was because the amounts of sucrose and sorbitol contained in "Abe" were significantly lower than those in the other two strains. The glucose content of "Abe" buds in early spring was likewise significantly lower than that of the other two strains. The non-tannin flavan contents of the buds and bark tissues of "Abe" stems were lower than those of "Endo", while in mid-March the electrolyte leakage of stems and buds of "Abe" during treatments at -3 and -6 was found to be significantly higher than in the other two strains. Browning was observed in "Abe" on stems after treatment at -3 , and on cambiums after treatment at -6 . Our results showed that "Abe" is the least tolerant to cold among the three strains. The sprouting disorders frequently observed in "Abe" may result from slight freezing injuries to buds.

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Relationships among cold hardiness, water-soluble protein, anthocyanins, & free sugars in Hedera helix L.

Cited by 70 publications

References 10 publications

Plants under Climatic Stress

Plants under Climatic Stress

Water relations of climbing ivy in a temperate forest

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance among Japanese Persimmon 'Saijo' Strains

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