Relationships among Constitution, Stress, and Discomfort in the First Trimester

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore correlations among constitution, stress, and discomfort symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancy. We adopted a descriptive and correlational research design and collected data from 261 pregnant women during their first trimester in southern Taiwan using structured questionnaires. Results showed that (1) stress was significantly and positively correlated with Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi constitutions, respectively; (2) Yin-Xu and Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi constitutions had significant correlations with all symptoms of discomfort, while Yang-Xu had significant correlations with all symptoms of discomfort except for “running nose”; (3) Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi constitution and stress were two indicators for “fatigue”; Tan-Shi-Yu-Zhi was the indicator for “nausea”; Yang-Xu and Yin-Xu were indicators for “frequent urination.” Our findings also indicate that stress level affects constitutional changes and that stress and constitutional change affect the incidence of discomfort. This research can help healthcare professionals observe these discomforts and provide individualized care for pregnant women, to nurture pregnant women into neutral-type constitution, minimize their levels of discomfort, and promote the health of the fetus and the mother.

Matrine induces the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from rats with collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway

“…DMARDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroid hormones, and biologics are typically used to treat RA, but are associated with severe adverse effects, including gastrointestinal lesions, cardiovascular complications, and reproductive toxicity (29). Therefore, the exploitation of plant-derived drugs as anti-RA agents with potent effects and lower toxicity profiles has drawn much attention (30). Matrine is the primary active component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Sophora flavescens Ait.…”

Somatic symptoms, psychological distress and sleep disturbance among infertile women with intrauterine insemination treatment

“…The most common somatic discomforts include nausea, vomiting, breast engorgement, feeling tired, increased vaginal discharge, dizziness and emotional ups and downs (Wang et al . ). Commonly, the somatic symptoms are related to psychological distress (Heinrichs et al .…”

Association of Menopausal Symptoms with Different Constitutions in Climacteric Women

“…Data from 4 diagnostic methods are analyzed according to TCM theories to form a constitutional diagnosis. Past studies have revealed that the BC is greatly influenced by age, chronic diseases [5,6,7], psychological symptoms, and lifestyle [8]. Constitution identification is the basis of TCM syndrome differentiation.…”