Relationships among Gene Expression and Anthocyanin Composition of Malbec Grapevine Clones

Abstract

Anthocyanin profiles are commonly used for grapevine cultivar identification because it is currently accepted that this trait is closely related to their genetic characteristics. Nevertheless, the extent of the variation for the anthocyanin profiles among clones of the same cultivar has not yet been studied in depth. The relative concentration of anthocyanins of 131 Malbec clones grown in the same vineyard was investigated by HPLC-DAD and the use of comprehensive statistic procedures. Complementarily, the expression level of structural and regulatory genes was studied via real time polymerase chain reaction. Significant variation was identified among the profiles of the clones, mainly due to variations in the amounts of malvidin derivatives. Finally, the differential expression in F3'5'H, OMT1 and AM2 genes seems to be related to the malvidin content variation. This work shows the existence of variation for the anthocyanin profiles among clones from the same grapevine cultivar and the putative involvement of genes related to hydroxylation, methylation, and transport of anthocyanins on the basis of such variation.

Timing and Order of the Molecular Events Marking the Onset of Berry Ripening in Grapevine

“…Class 4 included genes related to sugar and ABA signaling (Gambetta et al, 2010) and known transcriptional regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis (responsible for color development in berry skin). The R2R3-MYB anthocyanin regulator gene VviMYBA1 (and the pseudogene VviMYBA3; Kobayashi et al, 2004;Walker et al, 2007) were identified among the Class 2+3 genes, together with the LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN DIOXYGENASE and ANTHOCYANIN O-METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (VviAOMT1), VviAOMT2, and VviAOMT3 (Muñoz et al, 2014). The gene for UDP-Glc:flavonoid-3-Oglucosyltransferase, representing a crucial step in anthocyanin biosynthesis (Boss et al, 1996a(Boss et al, , 1996bKobayashi et al, 2001), was present in Class 4.…”

Integrated Network Analysis Identifies Fight-Club Nodes as a Class of Hubs Encompassing Key Putative Switch Genes That Induce Major Transcriptome Reprogramming during Grapevine Development

“…These findings show that the switch genes include not only putative master regulators of the developmental phase transition but also the direct targets of these regulators. Another 12 switch genes encoded transporters, including the anthoMATE transporter AM2, which was recently shown to regulate the malvidin content of Malbec berries (Muñoz et al, 2014). Further switch genes were found to encode enzymes catalyzing early steps in the phenylpropanoid pathway, e.g., caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, or components of terpenoid and carotenoid metabolism, e.g., CCD4b encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase that generates typical grape berry aromatic compounds (Young et al, 2012).…”

Viticultural and chemical characteristics of Muscat Hamburg preselected clones grown for table grapes

“…The selection of superior grapevines and their propagation has been widely adopted for decades around the world. Various trials have been conducted to identify rare cultivars, intravarietal genetic variability, virus‐ and disease‐resistant vines, vines tolerant to cold temperatures and a range of studies that included improved vigour, yield parameters, chemical and sensory properties of grapes and wines, just to mention a few. For instance, in France, the clonal selection of Muscat Hamburg resulted in commercially propagated N clones Nos.…”